A contract that gives the owner the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a security at a fixed price in the future.
1
vote
2answers
194 views
backtesting options strategies in R
I would like to backtest an options strategy in R. I require the ability to delta hedge and rebalance to options in the portfolio at different frequencies (daily, monthly,etc.) What packages are the ...
6
votes
4answers
349 views
Best way to store hourly/daily options data for research purposes
There are quite a few discussions here about storage, but I can't find quite what I'm looking for.
I'm in need to design a database to store (mostly) option data (strikes, premiums bid / ask, etc.). ...
2
votes
2answers
109 views
Hedging credit risk using Put equity options
I am looking for some paper or similar which deal with this topic: hedging bankruptcy on firm's debt using Put options written on that firm's equity price.
This should be based on the assumption that ...
1
vote
0answers
84 views
Interpolate option volatility in delta space in R
I have a bunch of deltas and option implied vols at those deltas. I would like to interpolate them in R. Interpolating them in delta space seems difficult, since normally you would like the ATM calls ...
4
votes
5answers
491 views
Call vs. Put Option
I have two interrelated questions that have been bothering me for some time. I have read all the stuff online and it still doesn't make sense to me:
Let us assume:
0% interest rate (both hedge ...
2
votes
1answer
72 views
Implied dividend estimation
I am looking at two different ways of estimating the expected / implied dividends from market data.
1. Dividend futures
I know that this asset class is not very liquid and might not be ...
2
votes
1answer
83 views
Hedging differences between equity and index options?
Suppose we hedge an index option using futures on that index. How would the hedging strategy be different if the underlying could be traded directly (from a risk point of view)?
4
votes
5answers
403 views
In Black-Scholes, why is $\log{\frac{S_{t+\triangle t}}{S_t}} \sim \phi{((\mu - \frac{1}{2}\sigma^2)\triangle t, \sigma^2 \triangle t)}$?
Namely, I dont understand why the mean is $(\mu - \frac{1}{2}\sigma^2)\triangle t$ and not just $\mu \triangle t$. I am aware that it is supposed to represent a lognormal distribution, but I guess I'm ...
0
votes
0answers
132 views
Option vs Equity market-making strategies? [closed]
I need to implement a few "strategies" for a university project I am doing. The emphasis of the project is not on the strategies, but the technical (programming) means by which they are implemented.
...
2
votes
2answers
101 views
How to synchronize put and call option-data?
I recently retrieved a large amount of European option data, for call and put prices, from OptionMetrics. Doing so for the same time period I get a file consisting of
62558 rows of call prices & ...
5
votes
3answers
201 views
Implied Volatility Calculation
We all know if you back out of the BS option pricing model you can derive and solve what the options is "implying" as its volatility. However, what is the formula used to derive IV (can anyone direct ...
4
votes
1answer
234 views
Call option arbitrage opportunity
I am having trouble wrapping my head around some text provided to us by our lecturer (unfortunately he is currently unavailable). If we let $c$ be the price of a European call option, $S_0$ the ...
0
votes
2answers
93 views
monthly contract volume required for penny increments?
Have the exchanges disclosed their criteria?
Does anyone have a best guess based upon observations of volume (however you wish to define it)?
Please no qualitative answers.
0
votes
0answers
38 views
Need historical option data for my final graduation project [duplicate]
I am a student doing my final graduation project on uncertainty quantification applied to option pricing.To validate my work I need historical european option data.So I wonder if there is someone here ...
2
votes
1answer
151 views
Calculating the probability of a price change using an options pricing formula
I don't know if I'm doing this right and I'd greatly appreciate help.
I'm trying to use an option pricing formula to backout the likelihood of the Euro dropping below $1.27, even for a minute, at any ...
0
votes
2answers
86 views
changes in open interest vs changes in underlying volume
Has a relationship been noted?
Mostly, I'd like to know if the open interest increases on an underlying, does the underlying usually see increased trading?
My guess would be "yes" since MMs can ...
3
votes
3answers
204 views
Does implied vol vary for calls vs puts?
Volatility skew tells us that options with the same maturity at different strikes can have different implied vol. However, can a corresponding call and put for the same strike and maturity have ...
4
votes
1answer
146 views
Hedging with actual volatility: problem understanding the math behind the result
From this paper. page 3
We get that the total profit at expiration is the difference in value between the price of the option with actual volatility and the one with implied volatility.
I have tried ...
3
votes
2answers
100 views
Endogeniety of Black-Scholes
I know this is a naïve question but how does the BS formula have a closed form solution? It seems from what I am reading Price impacts delta, price influences volatility which in turn influeces delta ...
2
votes
2answers
258 views
Theta's effect for OTM options
How does $\Theta$ change for deep out-of-the money options? Looking at the below graph, it seems the time decay is highest for ATM options and increases rapidly as we approach maturity of the option. ...
2
votes
2answers
177 views
Why FX Vanilla Options are quoted in volatility
I've been curious why vanilla options are quoted (and traded) in terms of volatility. Considering that every financial institution has its own options pricing model, volatility as an input would cause ...
5
votes
0answers
200 views
option chain data visualization, sunburst
I think option chains are not represented in the best way. With more and more options products coming out and trading on the various exchanges, I see vendors struggling to keep up with a good way to ...
2
votes
1answer
184 views
Can a long put trade be profitable through Vega even if the underlying moves upwards?
Generally speaking, I know when implied vol increases, option prices increase for calls.
However, does the same occur for puts?
If I am expecting implied volatility to increase for an option on an ...
3
votes
1answer
103 views
how to define liquidity in equity, index, and etf options
i've heard several ways to put a metric on liquidity of options.. obviously liquidity isn't a constant.. things like the Bid/Asks spread, liquidity of the underlying.. Trying to find a way to ...
2
votes
1answer
100 views
OTC Equity Options' Dynamics
This only applies to options that do not have marketable equivalents since margin can be marked to them.
I've never been able to find this on my goog.
How is margin typically calculated for OTC ...
4
votes
2answers
270 views
Why doesn't a simulated delta hedging process go to zero?
I put together a simple simulation of delta hedging a set of options with an underlying and it seems that the fluctuations of the price still seem to affect the final outcome. The reason, I understand ...
2
votes
1answer
128 views
How to calculate implied volatility and greeks in Bull Put Spread option strategy?
Ok, obviously I am buying lower strike put and selling higher strike put. What is the recommended volatility and greeks to consider in my trade?
Volatility:
Average volatility between both legs?
...
3
votes
4answers
695 views
How to calculate stock move probability based on option implied volatility and time to expiration? (Monte Carlo simulation)
I am looking for one line formula ideally in Excel to calculate stock move probability based on option implied volatility and time to expiration?
I have already found a few complex samples which took ...
3
votes
2answers
104 views
How to quickly sketch a second order greek profile for a vanilla position?
Assume that you are given an arbitrary payoff profile for European vanilla position (e.g. butterfly). How to make a back of the envelope sketch of a second order greek profile for it (i.e. plot ...
1
vote
2answers
122 views
Delta of a Down and Out Call
I came across some graphs depicting the delta of a down-and-out call. They show that, if the risk free rate of return is 0, the delta is constant at 1. However, if the rate of return is for example ...
2
votes
2answers
307 views
How to calculate Vomma of Black Scholes model
This source (PDF) gives the closed-form for vomma (or volga, i.e. the second derivative of price w.r.t. volatility) of the Black Scholes option pricing model as:
...
3
votes
1answer
147 views
Choice of epsilon for numerical calculation of vega in binomial option pricing model
I have a binomial option-pricing model (I don't think the details of how its implemented are relevant). However, when I go to calculate vega, I am essentially running the model a second time with new ...
0
votes
1answer
231 views
Which prediction market model is efficient and simple to use?
For a college project I'm tasked with implementing prediction market. Which model of it I'd better choose?
I want something useful and simple enough for other people to quickly understand and use. ...
3
votes
1answer
81 views
Value options when the currency’s risk free rate is negative?
How would you handle a negative interest rate in index/equity options valuation?
An example would be negative rates for short term maturities for Swiss Frank (CHF).
2
votes
4answers
298 views
Why is short term implied volatility typically higher?
Why do short term implieds move more than long term?
5
votes
0answers
100 views
Replicating portfolio and risk-neutral pricing for interest rate options
For equity options, the pricing of options depends on the existence of a replicating portfolio, so you can price the option as the constituents of that replicating portfolio. However, I am not seeing ...
4
votes
2answers
332 views
Basket option pricing: step by step tutorial for beginners
I would like to learn how to price options written on basket of several underlyings.
I've never tried to do it and I would appreciate if you can provide some documents, papers, web sites and so on in ...
3
votes
2answers
276 views
Why do ATM call options have a delta of slightly bigger than 0.5 and not 0.5 exactly?
From the formula of the delta of a call option, i.e. $N(d1)$, where $d_1 = \frac{\mathrm{ln}\frac{S(t)}{K} + (r + 0.5\sigma^2)(T-t)}{\sigma\sqrt{T-t}}$, the delta of an ATM spot call option is ...
1
vote
0answers
82 views
Pricing a Power Contract derivative security
I'm trying to price a "power contract" and would appreciate guidance on the next step. The payoff at time $T$ is $(S(T)/K)^\alpha$, where $K > 0$, $\alpha \in \mathbb{N}$, $T > 0$. $S$ is ...
7
votes
2answers
402 views
When does delta hedging result in more risk?
There's a question in an interview book saying "when can hedging an options position make you take on more risk?"
The answer provided is that "Hedging can increase your risk if you are forced to both ...
1
vote
0answers
81 views
How to calculate a the PFE for a Swaption?
How do you calculate the Potential Future Exposure (PFE) for a swaption?
Do you incorporate the dynamics of implied volatility when you are running your simulations?
Is there a standard way to ...
0
votes
0answers
152 views
Lagging Beta Strategy
Came across a method involving pairs in the book Hedge Fund Market Wizard:
Given a Stock(or Collective of instruments)that follows closely to say Dow index with a beta<1(very short term) but ...
2
votes
2answers
536 views
How to Delta Hedge with Futures?
The theory of delta hedging a short position in an option is based on trades in the stock and cash. I.e. I get the option premium and take positions in the stock and cash.
In the classical ...
2
votes
1answer
69 views
Question on OptionMetrics: when are adjustments for discrete dividends needed?
Bakshi et. al. (1997) analyzes the empirical performance of some alternative option pricing models. I am interested to do this as well - hence applying different models - but I am unsure how to handle ...
-4
votes
1answer
135 views
Show that convexity of call price as a function of the strike is violated [closed]
European call options with strikes 90, 100 and 110 on the same underlying asset and with the same maturity are trading for 22.50, 18.84 and 13.97 respectively. show that the convexity of the call ...
3
votes
1answer
167 views
Creating a doubling and halving position
I want to create a position that either multiplies with $1+u$ (outcome $U$) or $1-d$ (outcome $D$). The probability of $U$ is denoted by $P(U) = \pi$. The initial value of the position is $V_0$. Given ...
3
votes
2answers
305 views
Equity option portfolio greeks with underlying
I'm curious about how to construct the five basic greeks for an equity option portfolio when there are shares of the underlying in the portfolio.
For example, a portfolio of 100 call options and 100 ...
3
votes
2answers
122 views
self-consistent parametric form for equity implied volatility
I recall reading a paper, but can't remember where I found it. In short, there was a parametric form for volatility smile/skew that fit both index and single stock vol slices and had intuitive ...
6
votes
2answers
343 views
How to transform process to risk-neutral measure for Monte Carlo option pricing?
I am trying to price an option using the Monte Carlo method, and I have the price process simulations as an inputs. The underlying is a forward contract, so at all times the mean of the simulations is ...
3
votes
1answer
121 views
How do I model risks for specific short-term short calls in a portfolio with limited data?
I'm trying to do some risk analysis on a portfolio of bonds, currency, stocks and short calls. The short calls expire in approximately 15-30 days and I've only got around 20 days of pricing data on ...
