# All Questions

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### Who pays for sovereign ratings?

Does the "issuer-pay" model hold also for sovereign credit ratings? Do States pay for having their bond being rated?
18 views

### How to take care of newly auctioned yield/price in fixed income data

This is a financial data cleaning question. I have raw price and yield data for US cash treasury across the curve. In the time-series there are jumps on the day after the treasury auction results come ...
5 views

### Using R with princomp to create hedge baskets

I am experimenting to try to find better ways to hedge some of our equity portfolios. It's easy enough to use R to get a PCA breakdown of exposure for a portfolio but I can't figure out how to then ...
45 views

### What is the effect of mean-reversion on an upper barrier knock-out call option?

Consider a mean-reverting normal model for an underlying $dX^{(1)}_t=-\kappa X^{(1)}_tdt+\sigma^{(1)} dW^{(1)}_t$, for fixed time-independent constants, $\kappa$ (mean-reversion) and $\sigma^{(1)}$ ...
5 views

### Time series of European sovereign credit ratings by the Big Three?

I would need time series, from 2000 to 2015 (if possible) of sovereign credit ratings by Moody's, S&P and Fitch. Could you suggest me a source or provide me such a dataset? Thank you very much!
21 views

### Special term for 'crossing' option price

Suppose, I have written two vectors: $S_{call}= (\textbf{8000, 8050, 8100}, 8150, 8200, 8250)$ and $S_{put} = (7850, 7900, 7950, \textbf{8000, 8050, 8100})$. Entities are correspond to strike prices ...
187 views

### Correct Alphabet (Google) market cap calculation?

Given the definition: ...
16 views

### What approaches are there for keeping local and remote order books in sync?

Scenario: developing a custom application which defines a structured workflow for manual order submission to Bloomberg EMSX; it should minimize own persisted state and rely on the remote order book as ...
43 views

### Preparation for interview: influx of power of the moon

I am preparing myself for an interview for a quantitative analyst position and one of the sample questions asked in previous examinations was: "Suppose the moon were to disintegrate, and fall to ...
50 views

### Stress Testing for VaR

I am trying to perform stress testing for VaR and have taken into consideration two methods:- 1. Sensitivity analysis 2. Historical scenario analysis. According to the Derivatives Policy group we ...
160 views

### Do we need Feller condition if volatility process jumps?

It is fairly known that in affine processes, as Heston model \begin{aligned} dS_t &= \mu S_t dt + \sqrt{v_t} S_t dW^{S}_{t} \\ dv_t &= k(\theta - v_t) dt + \xi \sqrt{v_t} ...
112 views

### What is the heat-map method of calculating VaR?

I'm familiar with the historical full revaluation, VcV, and Delta-gamma methods, but a client keeps talking about a heat-map method and I'm not sure what he's talking about. Any ideas?
120 views

### Merton model riskless self-financing derivation

Suppose $dA_t = A_t[\mu dt+\sigma dW_t]$ (assets' value) under the physical measure, plus the other assumptions of the Merton model. Suppose further that debt and equity are tradeable assets that ...
132 views

### Step By Step method to calculating VaR using MonteCarlo Simulations

In trying to find VaR for 5 financial assets with prices over a long period of time(2000 days worth of data) how would I do the following: Carry out monte-carlo simulation in order to find a VaR ...
64 views

### Is there a way to meaningfully generate daily returns from monthly?

I have a set of 7 investments in a portfolio and I need to optimize the weightings based on some exposures to various markets/styles/economic factors. I was hoping to do some sort of simple exposure ...
211 views

### Can I use PyAlgoTrade for Forex?

Is it possible to use PyAlgoTrade for Forex related algorithms? If it is, please point me in the right direction on how to get PyAlgoTrade to work on Forex data.
42 views

### Deduce expected exposure profile from option/structure delta?

I am thinking about whether there exists a relationship between the delta of an option (or any structured derivative) and it's expected positive/negative exposure? An intuitive question would be ...
27 views

### Error using ghyp-distribution function

I want to fit multivariate GH distribution on my data, and then generate simulations for that distribution. Using the instructions given in ghyp package, I wrote following lines of code in R. ...
38 views

### Conditional probability of geometric brownian motion

I created paths using GBM to implement The stochastic mesh method. But the method requires the conditional distribution, given some S(t) the probability of S(t+1). I've searched and can't find this ...
27 views

17 views

### Python regenerating ARMA params using statsmodels

I am trying to regenerate the ARMA parameters from statsmodel in python. The code I am using is: ...
I have my estimates for an AR(3). To obtain the residuals I'm supposed to use $$Y_t-\hat\phi_0-\hat\phi_1Y_{t-1}-\hat\phi_2Y_{t-2}-\hat\phi_3Y_{t-3},$$ where the Y's are from the dataset. If I do ...