# All Questions

4 views

### Hedging bond with CDS of different maturity

Say I buy a 10-year bond with a notional of 100k. To hedge my credit risk entirely I could buy a 10-year CDS, also on a notional of 100k. Now, if there are only 5-year CDS trading and no 10-year CDS, ...
435 views

### Testing the validity of a factor model for stock returns

Consider the following m regression equation system: $$r^i = X^i \beta^i + \epsilon^i \;\;\; \text{for} \;i=1,2,3,..,n$$ where $r^i$ is a $(T\times 1)$ vector of the T observations of the dependent ...
66 views
+50

### Volatility skew and how to capture it?

We see in the market that a implied volatility surface is not flat. Based on this observation different models were developed to capture the structure, e.g. CEV / SABR. A measure often used for the ...
137 views

### Option pricing ? Where to get the dividend yield from?

I'm trying to apply Black & Scholes formula for a real example to price a vanilla equity option but I'm strugling a little bit whith the dividend yield. Let's assume I have a stock that trades at ...
7 views

### Expected Shortfall and Spectral Risk Measure

Not sure I am understanding spectral risk measures correctly. Why is there an equal weighting scheme placed on the tail losses in expected shortfall. Will that no bias the expected value of the loss ...
369 views

### Robust Returns-Based Style Analysis

Sharpe's Return-Based Style Analysis is an interesting theory but flawed in practice when working with long-short funds or funds that are changing strategies over shorter periods of time due to the ...
97 views

### Different ways of portfolio optimization

There are different ways to optimize portfolios: $$\max R^Tw\tag{1}$$ or $$\min w^T \Sigma w\tag{2}$$ and finally using a risk tolerance $\lambda$:  \min{(w^T\Sigma w-\lambda R^T ...
12 views

### garchOxFit in R-oxo file does not match

Could someone please help me with trying to get the Ox interface to work in R. I get the following errors as output: This version may be used for academic research and teaching only Link error: ...
38 views

### Data on margin volumes?

I came across a Financial Times article today that said "Peaks in margin trading have been a precursor to bear runs in the past, notably in March 2000 and July 2007." I'm curious if anyone here would ...
42 views

### What are the main flaws behind Ross Recovery Theorem?

Stephen Ross’ new paper claims that it is possible to separate risk aversions and historical probabilities if the Stochastic Discount Factor is transition independent using Perron-Frobenius Theorem. ...
27 views

### Negative Eonia rates

I'm curious how the current negative Eonia rates would impact on derivative pricing. What does that really mean? Does that mean if I post a cash collateral to you, I also need to pay you the interest ...
15 views

### Volatilty Calculation [on hold]

I have 3 years historical prices for the commodity . I want to calculate the annualized volatility of the commodity . Can i scale my daily volatility to annualized volatility by multiple with square ...
21 views

### Black Scholes Model which Volatilty to use [on hold]

Black Scholes Model requires volatility as input . It needs to be annualized/or Daily Volatility for calculation . Input will be appreciated
27 views

### how to use known premium of options to determine premium of options with another strike?

Assuming constant volatility across all strikes, how to use known premium of options to determine premium of options with another strike? e.g. suppose we know premium of \$40 call and put, \$50 call ...
38 views

### Do people actaully use VaR in professional settings?

VaR seems like such an obviously flawed metric, I am surprised that it seems to be used so much in the private sector. First, the way it is named and the way it is presented often imply it is the ...
31 views

### What are good internship positions I should look for as an undergrad student? [on hold]

I am a 3rd year computer engineering student who is interested in quant finance. I was exposed to quantitative courses such as calculus 3, ODEs, optimization, probability and stats, mathematical ...
47 views

### Briefly stated, why does the function N(x) appear in the European call option pricing model?

I'm aware of the the mathematical formula for the price of a European call option on a stock however I'd like to think about it in an intuitive way.
44 views

### What is Equity Asian Hybrid?

As listed in http://www.vectorrisk.com/Views/Solutions/ProductList.aspx What's an Equity Asian Hybrid? Any references? What is exactly a hybrid product?
75 views

### If I am very fast (less than 10 microseconds latency) what would be the first strategy to execute?

Let's assume I found the holy grail of low-latency trading (which I didn't). For educational purposes, what would be the first strategy I would direct my trading code?
195 views

### Why are interest rates and stock prices positively correlated?

If I've been looking at graphs correctly, there is a strong positive correlation between stock prices (or P/B values) and interest rates over time, i.e. P/B values tend to be high when interest rates ...
189 views

### Is it possible to model general wrong way risk via concentration risk?

General wrong way risk (GWWR) is defined as due to a positive correlation between the level of exposure and the default probability of the counterparty, due to general market factors. (Specific wrong ...
91 views

### Stress Testing Methods

I'm working on the following task: Given quarterly data: a time series representing the 1-year realized (10 years of data) rates of default on a portfolio of mortgages a slew of ...
30 views

143 views

### How to work out weights for a portfolio based on an inverse ratio with positive and negative values?

I am trying to work out how to determine weights for the assets in order to form a portfolio. The ratio I am using is EV/EBIT, hence the smaller the better. The problem is I don't know how to handle ...
64 views

### Can we trade option spreads with more than 4 option legs?

I am wondering why most online brokers restrict multi-legged options spread trades to have a maximum of four legs? Also, is there a broker that allows you to trade say 6 or 8 legged option spreads.
137 views

### How can I calculate Fama-French betas for a particular stock?

For a particular stock, what's the simplest way to calculate betas for the Fama-French factors SMB and HML?
47 views

### What is meant by “position at a given time” in the context of a series of forex trades?

Suppose you are only talking about a single currency pair, say EUR/USD. Throughout some period of time, you engage in trades with various other parties, sometimes buying, sometimes selling. The rates ...
35 views

### Moneyness and option prices

I'm attaching stock prices from CRSP to a dataset of option prices in order to compute the option moneyness. I'm wondering whether I should adjust the underlying prices taking into account splits and ...
128 views

### Logic behind Gordon Growth Model in a DCF analysis?

Sorry, I wanted to ask this on the finance/money forum, but they don't support LaTeX there. Let's say we are valuing a company using the DCF methodology with a 5-year projection period. We project ...
10k views

### Why does the minimum variance portfolio provide good returns?

I've been a researching minimum variance portfolios (from this link) and find that by building MVPs adding constraints on portfolio weights and a few other tweaks to the methods outlined I get ...
146 views

### multiperiod optimization using R

I'm interested in multistage optimization problems. Are there any good R packages around to solve such problems over time? I'm not at all an expert in it, so maybe someone knows a good paper / lecture ...
29 views

### Importance sampling for barrier option like pricing by Monte carlo

I would like to know some references regarding importance sampling algorithms for variance reduction of Monte Carlo barrier options pricing. Please could someone help me leaving some references? If ...
180 views

It is claimed that the credit default swap (CDS) spread should approximate the risky par bond yield or coupon rate spread from the riskless bond on the same entity. This comes about when we assume ...
29 views

### Transform MPT optimization problem

I am trying to teach myself about MPT and optimization. I understand that MPT solutions can be found using three equivalent optimization problems: Minimizing variance for given return limit ...
999 views

### How is the default probability implied from market implied CDS spreads for CVA/DVA calculation?

From point 38 on P.17 the default probability can be implied from market implied CDS spreads. "Macro Surface" method is mentioned, but I cannot get any clue of what it is? Where do I get the acedemic ...
30 views

### ICE oil Future Markers

i have seen Brent oil future singapore marker many times. however, i wonder what is the reason for introducing different markers in the future market. FYI - LINK
70 views

### Is there a way to adjust R PerformanceAnalytics function VaR with EWMA or GARCH method?

Is there a way to upgrade R PerformanceAnalytics function VaR with more risk sensitive approaches like EWMA or GARCH? Or is there another R package which can handle the issue?
34k views

### How can I go about applying machine learning algorithms to stock markets?

I am not very sure, if this question fits in here. I have recently begun, reading and learning about machine learning. Can someone throw some light onto how to go about it or rather can anyone share ...
72 views

### Do people hedge with leveraged ETFs intraday? How?

Seems that the answer to the first part should be yes, but haven't seen any references or examples. E.g. suppose I want to hedge XLF position with FAZ. Do people use close to current returns, or just ...
41 views

### Calculating short/long order percentages?

I have a feed in real time that lists the ask and bid orders. Each order consists of a value and a quantity. I want to calculate the percentage of short orders from the total orders in terms of ...
134 views

### What is a good Computer Algebra System for financial engineering?

I would like to know if there exists some computer algebra systems adapted to calculate pricing based on particular models, i.e. pricing YoY Inflation Swap under Jarrow Yildirim Model. I know that ...
70 views

### list of ADR's by volume or market cap

I'm looking for a list of ADR's (for a simulation) that I can screen by either market cap or volume? If anyone knows of a free way to get such a list it would be much appreciated.