# All Questions

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### no arbitrage condition for paylater option

a paylater option has the folowing payoff: $(S_{T}-K)_{+}-P1_{S_{T}>K}$. To determine the fee P that the option holder must pay, we must write the non arbitrage condition. Why is it this: ...
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### volatility skew for lognormal model is flat?

Does anyone know why the volatility skew for lognormal model, such as BK, should be a flat line, meaning that implied black volatility for options will be same for those with different strike prices? ...
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### Black-Scholes PDE

I'm working on the Black-Scholes equation, but I'm pretty new to financial modeling. Right now, I am trying to understand the Black-Scholes PDE. I understand that the Black-Scholes equation is given ...
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### Why financial instistution for instance banks lowered down their interest rate during QE?

When QE is carried out, the Federal Reserve prints money and buy government bonds in an effort to pour extra money into the economy. This causes financial institutions for instance banks to lowered ...
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Suppose I have a bond with unknown bid-ask spread, and a portfolio, containing it and also other bonds, all with known bid-ask spreads. How can the unknown spread be inferred? I assume there should ...
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### Why Central Bank carry out Qe when they can directly force banks to lower down the interest rate?

To boost the economy, the central bank can do it either by lowering down the interest rate nor carry out QE. But QE objective is to lowered the interest rate also so banks can give out more loan. This ...
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### How to estimate the price of a European call when the underlying is not tradable?

Assume you have a vanilla call on an underlying $S$ with strike price $K$ and expiry at time $T$. Let's say that $S$ follows a GBM with volatility $\sigma$. In general, one would use the ...
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### Fourier transform covariance estimator

I am estimating realized variance and covariance by the estimator described in this paper, and relying on Fourier Transform. Now, as my data is one day of data in ultra high frequency, so that the ...
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### Liquidity effect in case MS decrease

What is the result if the liquidity effect is grater than other effects in case of decreased money supply? I got this question on the exam, In case of an increase in the money supply by the central ...
27 views

### FIX latency and clock syncronization

We are trying to see latency from our server to different LPs What we saw is that received quotes have considerable difference between them and with us. We are syncing our server with a SNTP, and we ...
23 views

### MSRV estimation in R

What are the R packages that let you estimate Multi Scale Realized Volatility (MSRV)? So far I've only found highfrequency (which comes with Realized Kernel as well), but from what I understand it ...
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### Anomaly or feature from Quantmod in R regarding getFX - currency data

I am using R to analyse stock data, using the quantmod package to get all sorts of data, but here specifically FX data using the function ...
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### Source for real-time tick data (stock price, etc.) updated every second?

For educational purposes, I'm looking for a source for now's real-time tick data for stock prices, or FOREX, etc., with a 1 second precision. Is there such free data feed? If not, could such data be ...
25 views

### Value of a continuous cash flow until a random time

I am trying to compute the present value of a continuous cash flow that lasts until a random time. The rate of the cash flow is denoted by $c$ and the random time is denoted by $\tau$. Then my claim ...
62 views

### Radon-Nikodym: Changing Distribution vs Changing Random Variable

Let $X \sim \mathcal{N}(\mu,\sigma^2)$ under the probability measure $P$ on the measurable space $(\Omega, \mathcal{F})$. We may define a Radon-Nikodym derivative $Z$, also defined on \$(\Omega, ...
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### Tradable information from BS Implied volatility

These are two follow up questions to: Implied volatility as price transform I understand that the BS model is used as a 'Blackbox' that takes a market price and maps it in a 1to1 fashion to a 'BS ...
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### Is anybody using 13F-HR data for making strategies?

I see that a lot of quants work on high frequency strategies. Mostly used data are prices, volumes. I wonder, is anybody using data on funds positions, which they have to disclosure quarnerly under ...
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### Clayton-Gumbel (BB1) and Joe-Clayton (BB7) time-varying copulas

I'm trying to estimate parameters for Mixed Dynamic Copulas (Clayton-Gumbel and Joe-Clayton) Is there any code in MATLAB? Thanks for any help.