# All Questions

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### Some clarifications on eigenvectors and eigenvalues from PCA

Could somebody tell me whether suggestions in bold true or not? Q # 1: http://www.math.nyu.edu/faculty/avellane/AvellanedaLeeStatArb071108.pdf ...
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### reference question about portfolio optimization

I know the "classical" modern portfolio theory. However I have quite a lot of different sources. It seems that there is not a book which cover this topic in a rigorous way: theory application ...
263 views

### How to deal with extreme cases in normal random numbers generation?

In order to generate normal random numbers, one usually generates random numbers following a uniform distribution $Z \sim \mathcal{U}(0,1)$ and then applies the reverse CDF function on them ...
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### Opposite of Tail-Risk Hedge (Established Vocabulary)

I'm working on a client memo explaining several approaches to equity hedging, and I'm looking for a not-too-technical term for a hedging strategy where I try to keep options near the money, as to have ...
60 views

### How to price a Swing Option?

I'm working in the commodity market and I've to price Swing Options with MATLAB, preferably with finite element. Has anyone already priced these kind of derivatives? I'm thinking about using the ...
173 views

### How to get Geometric Brownian Motion's closed-form solution in Black-Scholes model?

The Black Scholes model assumes the following dynamics for the underlying, well known as the Geometric Brownian Motion: $$dS_t=S_t(\mu dt+\sigma dW_t)$$ Then the solution is given: ...
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### Comparison of multicurve calibration methods

It seems that there are mayor softwares around offering a multicurve framework based on bootstrap. I find this puzzling nowadays, given the distinct advantages of best-fit optimization methods and ...
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### Worked examples of applying Ito's lemma

In most textbooks Ito's lemma is derived (on different levels of technicality depending on the intended audience) and then only the classic examples of Geometric Brownian motion and the Black-Scholes ...
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### Questions related to the banking crisis during the European sovereign debt crisis

I am studying the European Sovereign Debt crisis and I have the following questions which I am struggling to find examples for: 1) I have heard that during the sovereign debt crisis, European ...
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### Does Modern Portfolio Theory align with EMH?

I came to the conclusion that in literature Markowitz' Portfolio Theory is believed to be compliant with the Efficient Market Hypothesis. The weakest form states that the current price fully ...
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### How does the Bitcoin forex work? [migrated]

Does it work differently in relation to a regular forex because of its underlying technology? How can the market calculate its value?
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### Historic Value at Risk - Ratios vs. Differences

Quick Summary on Historic VaR Let $S_0,...,S_n$ be the daily values of some stock (where $S_0$ is the current value). Then for $i=1,\ldots,n$ we let \hat r_i:=S_{i-1}/S_i \quad \text{and}\quad \hat ...
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### Finding Trailing Twelve Months on a month between two quarterly reporting periods [on hold]

I can clearly understand the concept of Trailing Twelve Months or TTM. However i always had a missing piece on fully understanding TTM. e.g If we have a corporation that reports on March(Q1), ...
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### plotting High Frequency finance data using quantmod [on hold]

Hi I have data in XTS format like this ...
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### Calculate bond yield in python

I want to run the newton method on a large dataset to calculate bond yield. Below is the code I created using a loop. I need to run it on ~50 million lines and the loop is quite unwieldy. Is there a ...
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### How is the price of a bond actually determined?

How the price of a bond is actually determined? Is it the supply-demand that determines the price first and then the YTM is calculated on the back of this for that bond. Or is it that the changes to ...
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### code assistance - how to bootstrap and plot paths with a mixed model [migrated]

I created an Arima (3,1,1) model using the steps below. I was able to create a nonparametric model, but now I would like bootstrap for the created model (model 3). Also I'd like to plot the paths of ...
211 views

### How is PnL calculated

In Fixed Income, I know that bonds PnL are evaluated depending on where the price lies on price/yield curve at the end of the day, compared to where it started from at beginning of the day. The ...
132 views

### Handling Missing values in stocks returns when estimating the co variance matrix

What is the best way to handle missing values when stocks did not exist for the entire historical period?.
56 views

### Arbitrage free implies complete market?

In Tomas Björk's Arbitrage Theory in Continuous Time (or here), $\exists$ this proposition It seems that to show that the model is complete, we must show that the claims are reachable. That is, we ...
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### Pricing Principle 1

In Tomas Björk's Arbitrage Theory in Continuous Time (or here), $\exists$ this Pricing Principle. Is the one in red supposed to be the proof of the Pricing Principle 1? Or merely an intuitive ...
38 views

### Where Can I Find Risk Modelling Functions? [on hold]

I'm looking for functions that take the historical value of an asset as the input and return how much risk/uncertainty is associated with the investment. I've been searching for a while but haven't ...
42 views

### forecasting crash time of KLSE index (1991-1994)

Price deviation = financial bubbles. i try to fit the following stock price index to predict recession. I couldn't fit the model with the data(Data are not available in yahoo finance for the ...
106 views

### ETFs have lower tracking error than Futures?

I used the daily returns of SPX Index, SPY US Equity, and SPA Index. I then calculate their standard deviation as hedging instruments with respect to SPX Index, i.e., (spx_ret - spy_ret) or (spx_ret - ...
52 views

### Logic behind Gordon Growth Model in a DCF analysis?

Sorry, I wanted to ask this on the finance/money forum, but they don't support LaTeX there. Let's say we are valuing a company using the DCF methodology with a 5-year projection period. We project ...
140 views

### SVCJ (SVJJ) Duffie et. al Model implementation in Matlab

I'm attempting to implement aforementioned SVCJ model by Duffie et al in MATLAB. so far without success. It's supposed to price vanilla (european) calls . parameters provided, the expected price is: ...
54 views

### How to construct a deterministic trading model based on a loess (local regression) model?

Given data that has been fit to a loess model, can you make reliable decisions on future trades given a good past fit? Has anyone here done so and can give an example of their use case? I am yet to ...
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### (Purchased) terminology on Net Preferred Equity Issued

I understand what we mean when we say: Net Preferred Equity Issued it is the total amount of Preffered Stocks plus their price. But does the chart mean when it says (Purchased)? What other can it be? ...
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### Difference between Total Long Term Debt and Net Total Long Term Debt

What is the difference between Total Long Term Debt and Net Total Long Term Debt? Below you can see a picture revealing that they are not equal.
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### How to see the impact of one variable on a set of other variables?

Thanks for your reply!! So I will explain a bit more of my problem. I want to perform a stress test on my portfolio of equities. So basically, I want to see the impact of shock in macroeconomic ...
172 views

### How popular is the Linear Gauss Markov (LGM) model?

Some friends recommend to me Linear Gauss Markov model, saying it's interesting to have a look at it. Basically it's a framework different from HJM, with potential to extend, and the merit is that ...
76 views

### Excel to Java for Interactive brokers

I have a working excel workbook connected to Interactive brokers DDE API. I am struggling to upgrade to a more robust environment like Java. I tried to change it to ActiveX for Excel but the ...
78 views

### Option based portfolio insurance on practice

My question is about option based portfolio insurance in practice. Some insurance companies offer products where there is a mutual fund (equity and bonds) and a guarantee attached. This guarantee is ...
71 views

### Correlation of asset to portfolio, given certain variables

Ultimately I'm trying to calculate stdev contribution, but I've hit a hurdle. What I have: 20x20 correlation matrix for various assets Standard deviations for each asset Returns for each asset ...
49 views

### How to benchmark bonds?

I am trying to find for each european bond in my database a proper Benchmark to compare them with the Bloomberg benchmarks for bonds. What i have done so far is to extract a list of all government ...
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### Correlating random numbers seems to skew the data

First off, apologies for the cross-post from mathematics, but I found this site later and think it would be a better fit for the question (besides, there has been no comments/answers on mathematics ...