# All Questions

396 views

### Delta in Covered Calls?

Just want to check whether i understand it correctly: Long Calls have positive delta Long Puts have negative Delta Long stock has 0.01 delta 100 Shares have 1 delta Therefore: Covered Call = 1 ...
4k views

### What exactly is meant by “microstructure noise”?

I see that term tossed around a lot, in articles relating to HFT, and ultra high frequency data. It says at higher frequencies, smaller intervals, microstructure noise is very dominant. What is ...
958 views

### better estimator of volatility for small samples

One commonly used sample estimator of volatility is the standard deviation of the log returns. It is indeed a very good estimator (unbiased, ...) when the sample is large. But I don't like it for ...
675 views

### Liquidity estimators: VWAP and IS

I am looking for some info on how to estimate liquidity (intraday). I have read some researches and created intraday measurements of liquidity on time yet not on price. What I mean by this is that I ...
806 views

### How to manage equity portfolio risk intraday?

Lets assume that I have an equity strategy that generates signals intraday to buy and sell. I run this strategy across the SP500 names. Now within my strategy I want to incorporate a method to help me ...
512 views

### How to model time series of illiquid stocks - 400 observations (transactions) per 8 hours?

How to model time series which are illiquid - 400 observations (transactions) per 8 hours ? Are there models suitable for this situation which incorporate not only size of the transactions but also ...
567 views

### When does the Epps effect start?

Wikipedia defines the Epps effect as follows: In econometrics and time series analysis, the Epps effect, named after T. W. Epps, is the phenomenon that the empirical correlation between the returns ...
263 views

### Can we explain physical similarities between Black Scholes PDE and the Mass Balance PDE (e.g. Advection-Diffusion equation)?

Both the Black-Scholes PDE and the Mass/Material Balance PDE have similar mathematical form of the PDE which is evident from the fact that on change of variables from Black-Scholes PDE we derive the ...
713 views

### What is a resting limit order? [closed]

What exactly is a resting limit order? I could not find a definition on Wikipedia or Google.
389 views

### How could HFT help increase liquidity? [duplicate]

I have ready in several websites that HFT can help increase market liquidity, although this is contested in some articles. I am not familiar with the concept of market liquidity. What is the basis of ...
957 views

### Does HFT make sense in a pro-rata market?

If orders are filled pro rata, is there still incentive to engage in HFT? Because pro rata nullifies the time precedence rule, my intuition is no, but I figure there could be other aspects to it I'm ...
270 views

### Comparing Backtests of Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall

My goal is to test if ES (CVaR) empirically is a better risk measure than VaR for a set of given variables (assumed underlying distribution, confidence level, sample size) for different asset classes. ...
450 views

### How to plot custom hourly data into R with quantmod?

I'm trying to get into R because for some personal project, I need R and quantmod to create OHCL charts for me. I'm stuck at the candleChart creation step, and I'm not sure I understand why. Using a ...
153 views

### evaluation of volatility models using loss functions

This question has two parts, What is the state of the art in an academic or public knowledge sense of volatility forecast model evaluation? Since there are many methods out in the wild, and do ...
240 views

### What is the market impact of OTC trading ETFs?

I read an interesting statement here: "If an ETF’s market price tracks its NAV well, it is likely to have a small market impact. On the other hand, if the market price is more volatile than ...
154 views

### Fixed Income free research available online

As from the title, I would like to know where it is possible to find free research focused on fixed income markets' themes and topics, such as interest rates, credit risk related fundamentals, new ...
737 views

### Fama-French 3-factor model: factors implying risk

The Fama-French three-factor risk model is given by $$r=R_f+\beta_m(K_m-R_f) + \beta_s\cdot\mathit{SMB}+\beta_v\cdot\mathit{HML}+\alpha$$ where $r$ is the return, $R_f$ is the risk-free rate, $K_m$ ...
821 views

### How do Order Management/Matching Systems match/allocate orders (and filled prices)?

I am working on an improvement of my company's order allocation system. We run a central Order Management System (OMS) but currently performance attribution from filled orders leaves room for ...
1k views

### Deriving the par-yield curve

Given for example 6 bond prices and their respective 6 cashflows over a time period of 6 years, I have managed to derive the zero-coupon yield curve using the bootstrap method. However, it got lost ...
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### Modelling interest rate: AR(2) modelling

I have a time series of spread that follows an $AR(2)$ (Autoregressive model of Order 2). I need an interest rate model that represents that dynamics. What model should I use?
863 views

### Fitting a GARCH BEKK model

I am trying to find whether there is significant volatility transmission between two price series (t=1000). A literature review learned me that the GARCH BEKK model is suitable for this. The SAS ...
1k views

### Resources for finding scholarly research on topics in quantitative finance?

A friend and I have taken up an interest in quantitative finance, and we're pretty much starting from scratch—neither of us have backgrounds in finance, but rather electrical engineering and ...