# All Questions

1k views

### RQuantLib, Hoadley and Bloomberg YAS: fixed rate bond pricing differences?

I'm trying to price a fixed rate bond one year from now on. The bond is the PEUGOT 7 ⅜ 03/06/18, whose ISIN code is FR0011439975. I'm using such a specific example because in this way everyone can ...
542 views

### knowing the order of GARCH model

I want to ask if there is a situation to know the order of GARCH(p, q) from the result. For example, in the case of AR(p), one can know the value of p by plotting pacf(). In case of MA(q), one can ...
1k views

### backtesting options strategies in R

I would like to backtest an options strategy in R. I require the ability to delta hedge and rebalance to options in the portfolio at different frequencies (daily, monthly,etc.) What packages are the ...
676 views

### How does the CME set margin requirements on commodity Futures

I am trying to model margin requirements on various commodity futures, however it doesn't seem that the CME has released the formula they use to set these performance bonds. I am sure that they use ...
481 views

### When calculating CIP between EU and US, which interest rates data to use?

I am wondering which data to use to test the Covered Interest Rate Parity between Europe and the United States. Recap that for the CIP to hold, it should mean that F/S = (1+r)/(1+r*) where F = the ...
432 views

### Proxy for Expected Economic Growth

Can anyone help me understand how expected economic growth is usually measured? I've read several papers that talk about using breakeven inflation as a proxy for expected inflation, and then the ...
6k views

### Forecasting using rugarch package

I want to do one step ahead in-sample forecasts. My data can be found here. This is just a data frame with the date as the rownames. I specify my model and do the fit and show the plots with ...
4k views

### Best way to store hourly/daily options data for research purposes

There are quite a few discussions here about storage, but I can't find quite what I'm looking for. I'm in need to design a database to store (mostly) option data (strikes, premiums bid / ask, etc.). ...
1k views

### How to normalize technical indicators for machine learning?

I'm using around 130 technical indicators for 100 different companies. Each company's stock price moves in a different range, see FTSE 100. In addition, each technical indicator moves in a different ...
862 views

### Risk-free rate for ex-post evaluation of investment strategy

When evaluating the strategy ex-post using e.g. Sharpe ratio, what should one use as the risk-free rate? Let's suppose I am using a 1Y sample of weekly returns, sampled between 2012-01-01 and ...
937 views

### Relationship between European, American options volatility

Suppose, if the price of a European option (say a put) can be shown to be monotone in volatility (say for any maturity), does it follow that American options has to be monotone in volatility? ...
341 views

### Rate Distortion Minimization in a Python Clustering Algorithm

I'm attempting to solve for $\hat{k}$ clusters, such that the rate distortion is minimized, as described here, however, the answers that I am getting from my algorithm are not following the "Jump" ...
475 views

### Hedging credit risk using Put equity options

I am looking for some paper or similar which deal with this topic: hedging bankruptcy on firm's debt using Put options written on that firm's equity price. This should be based on the assumption that ...
428 views

### How to test the efficiency of Exponential Moving Averages as a trading startegy? [closed]

I would like to know how I can test the efficiency of Exponential Moving Averages when it comes to forex trading. Can i have any papers that point to the efficiency of this strategy? Thank you. :)
291 views

### Event studies using revenue data vs. measuring abnormal returns

This may be a silly question, but does there exist a methodology for examining the impact of "events" on companies that are not publicly traded? I suppose it would look at abnormal revenues rather ...
560 views

### rugarch: Joint estimation leads to different results

I want to fit an ARMA-GARCH model to my data using rugarch package in R. First of all, I look at the acf and pacf: ...
305 views

### Quant/Stat Factor Performance Website/Distribution?

Does anyone know of a decent quant/stat factor website, distribution(public or private) or publication that tracks performance of "many" of traditional quant/stat factors? By that I mean would show ...
2k views

### How to implement Maximum Diversification in R?

I am trying to code up the optimization problem for Max Diversification Portfolios. The main problem I am having is properly translating the objective function in to code and port it in to the ...
1k views

### Analyze raw tick data

I'd like to work with raw tick data and naturally this data is unevenly spaced (for example, a couple of quotes are at the same second etc.) For example ...
864 views

### Is vega of Black-Scholes European type option always positive?

We assume we work in the risk-neural measure with a stock which pays no dividend and a continuous discount rate. For PUT and CALL only: can someone please clarify if what I said is correct? The ...
86 views

### Portfolio insurance with a coherent risk measure (CVaR)

I would like to analysis of portfolio insurance under a coherent risk-measure method (CVaR), How can I achieve that? Is there a way to turn the problem into a linear programming problem? or to ...
95 views

### What does it mean to adjust for short-run liquidity in finding risk-free rate of return

Risk-free rate of return should equal the expected long-run growth rate of the economy with an adjustment for short-run liquidity. What is meant by the last phrase, "adjustment for short-run ...
443 views

### Interpolate option volatility in delta space in R

I have a bunch of deltas and option implied vols at those deltas. I would like to interpolate them in R. Interpolating them in delta space seems difficult, since normally you would like the ATM calls ...
423 views

### BSYM for historical tickers

When looking through Bloomberg's BSYM data ADR and Common Stock data (5/2/13), I was able to find the ticker symbol 'V' associated with Visa but was unable to find any record for Vivendi, which I ...
543 views

### How to determine ratios for mean-reverting basket

Suppose I have a basket of 3 securities A, B, and C. I believe that the basket is cointegrated and I want to create a mean-reverting trade. I fit the model: ...
198 views

### RQuantLib: any difference between FixedRateBond() and FixedRateBondPriceByYield() with flat term structure?

Please, consider the following functions from RQuantLib package: FixedRateBond() ...
1k views

### Bond curve extrapolation

What are the best methods to extrapolate bond yields from an existing curve that doesn't extend quite this far? For example, how would one come about finding a theoretical bond yield for a 40 or 50 ...
4k views

### Call vs. Put Option

I have two interrelated questions that have been bothering me for some time. I have read all the stuff online and it still doesn't make sense to me: Let us assume: 0% interest rate (both hedge ...
29k views

### How to calculate unlevered beta

I have derived a firm's cost of equity using the WACC formula (see here), which means that the cost of equity has factored in the firms' debt (i.e. levered beta) and now I need to calculate the firm's ...
7k views

### How to use PCA for trading

Can anyone give me a few pointers of how to approach using PCA for trading? In particular, it seems to me, PCA is useful for selecting a subset of a portfolio of stocks(or other) rather than trading ...
1k views

### Black Scholes Formula for Collar Option

I am wondering if there exists a Black Scholes pricing formula for a collar option?
799 views

### Philips-Ouliaris test for cointegration

I'm trying to implement cointegration tests using the R urca package. I've figured out the Johansen test (ca.jo), but I'm having trouble with the Philips-Ouliaris test (ca.po). I have two questions: ...
437 views

### analyze strategy performance with given matrix of weights/time and weekly returns in R

I have a matrix of 259 weekly returns, 50 assets and a portfolio composition for each of the 259 weeks. I would like to test the performance of the portfolio during 52 weeks, rebalancing every 12 ...
839 views

### Volatility of a rolling window strategy

What methods can be applied to determine the volatility of strategy using a rolling window? Using normal standard deviation would bias the results as the returns will be highly correlated. Although, ...
91 views

### How to measure if variance is greater at a certain time of day?

I'm not very fluent in the quant vernacular, so perhaps the nature of my question will be better illustrated as a hypothesis. One market has closed and another market elsewhere on Spaceship Earth is ...
486 views

### How to measure contango?

Is there any unit of measure for the magnitude of the contango (or backwardation) for futures, so you can compare the contango of many symbols.
331 views

### Error term/Innovation process in ARCH/GARCH processes?

I am wondering about the distribution of the error term/innovation process in a ARCH/GARCH process and its implementation, I am not sure about some points. The basic assumption is ...
254 views

### Time Varying Volatility

If stock returns ($r_t$) are not auto correlated why is that the squared term of the returns (volatility) exhibit serial correlation? Does heteroskedacity, by its nature, imply that time varying ...
136 views

### How does one use the Johansen cointegration test in a linear time series model?

How does one use the Johansen cointegration test in a linear time series model? Should I only use normalized coeffients for interpretation? Or, once I know that the variables are cointegrated, do I ...
70 views

### Is there an appropriate sequence to tests during model diagnosis?

How should one order (sequence) the following tests? Stationarity test Johansen cointegration test Normality/Histogram test Autocorrelation test Heteroskedasticity test Multicollinearity test ...
3k views

### Implied dividend estimation

I am looking at two different ways of estimating the expected / implied dividends from market data. 1. Dividend futures I know that this asset class is not very liquid and might not be ...
1k views

### What exactly is an ISO order?

I have been looking this up and I feel like I keep running into different definitions. My understanding is that an ISO order is one which will get filled with the displayed quantity in a particular ...
279 views

### How replicate data using PCA

I have a set of date covering petrol prices. My example has two columns where each row represents a sequential date. ...
151 views

### Hedging differences between equity and index options?

Suppose we hedge an index option using futures on that index. How would the hedging strategy be different if the underlying could be traded directly (from a risk point of view)?
1k views

### How does Hanson's Market Maker (LMSR) work?

Implementing Hanson's Market Maker states: If the market maker wants to quote a "current price", he can. The current price for outcome 1 is:  \mbox{price1} = ...
12k views

### What is the difference between convertible bond and bond with warrant?

One site suggested the difference is that the warrant in the bond with warrant is a fixed price on company stock. E.g. for a \$1000 bond, you can buy 500 shares at \$2 each. And that convertible bonds ...
6k views

### How to simulate correlated Geometric brownian motion for n assets?

So I'm trying to simulate currency movements for several currencies with a given correlation matrix. I have the initial price, drift and volatility for each of the separate currencies, and I want to ...
2k views

### Trading days or calendar days for Black-Scholes parameters?

Black-Scholes requires volatility estimated in trading days. How does this affect other parameters? Specifically, should the time-to-expiration also be in trading days? And how does this affect the ...
Consider some negative skew and high kurtosis return time-series $X_t$. I do not know the functional form of the pdf of $X_t$ and have about 150,000 data points. Suppose that I was to create an ...
### In Black-Scholes, why is $\log{\frac{S_{t+\triangle t}}{S_t}} \sim \phi{((\mu - \frac{1}{2}\sigma^2)\triangle t, \sigma^2 \triangle t)}$?
Namely, I dont understand why the mean is $(\mu - \frac{1}{2}\sigma^2)\triangle t$ and not just $\mu \triangle t$. I am aware that it is supposed to represent a lognormal distribution, but I guess I'm ...