# All Questions

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### How are dual class shares different from non dual class shares from a market makers' perspective?

Assume a stock Foo with a single share class. Furthermore, assume a dual class stock Bar with classes I and II with different voting rights. The shares in the different classes have equal cash flow ...
1k views

### Setting the r in put-call parity?

Put-call parity is given by $C + Ke^{-r(T-t)} = P + S$. The variables $C$, $P$ and $S$ are directly observable in the market place. $T-t$ follows by the contract specification. The variable $r$ is ...
579 views

### What are important model and assumption-free no-arbitrage conditions in options trading?

In the paper "Why We Have Never Used the Black-Scholes-Merton Option Pricing Formula" (Espen Gaarder Haug, Nassim Nicholas Taleb) a couple of model-free arbitrage conditions are mentioned which limits ...
289 views

### Transformation of Volatility - BS

I have recently seen a paper about the Boeing approach that replaces the "normal" Stdev in the BS formula with the Stdev \sigma'=\sqrt{\frac{ln(1+\frac{\sigma}{\mu})^{2}}{t}} ...
736 views

### Why is the ratio of Hi-Low range to Open-Close range close to 2?

I tried it in several symbols and timeframes with the same result: $$\frac {mean(HIGH-LOW)}{mean(|CLOSE-OPEN|)}$$ ...
19k views

### What are some useful approximations to the Black-Scholes formula?

Let the Black-Scholes formula be defined as the function $f(S, X, T, r, v)$. I'm curious about functions that are computationally simpler than the Black-Scholes that yields results that approximate ...
657 views

### Better understanding of the Datar Mathews Method - Real Option Pricing

in their paper "European Real Options: An intuitive algorithm for the Black and Scholes Formula" Datar and Mathews provide a proof in the appendix on page 50, which is not really clear to me. It's ...
663 views

### Minimizing Correlation

Is there a quantitative method in monitoring trades to reduce the possibility of correlated trades?
1k views

### Do binary options make any sense?

Reading from "www.nadex.com" - the copy reads "Binaries are similar to traditional options but with one key difference: their final settlement value will be 0 or 100. This means your maximum risk and ...
2k views

### What is an effective way of backtesting VWAP execution?

From Optimal Trading Strategies : There are two main reasons why traders execute orders using a VWAP trading strategy. First, a VWAP strategy is the trading strategy that minimizes market ...
5k views

### Using linear regression on (lagged) returns of one stock to predict returns of another

Suppose I want to build a linear regression to see if returns of one stock can predict returns of another. For example, let's say I want to see if the VIX return on day X is predictive of the S&P ...
1k views

### Valuing Total Return Swaps

In my quest for simulated data, I am trying to generate prices for Total Return Swaps by calculating the NPVs of the fixed and floating leg. My problem: Given the fixed leg, how do I set the spread on ...
374 views

### European turbo warrants

Totally new to the world of quant finance, so perhaps this is an odd question... Does there exist an American equivalent to the German style "knock out zertifkate"? (The name might be slightly ...
497 views

### Where can I find European and Scandinavian convertible bond prices?

I'd like to expand on the Data Sources Online question. I found this site for a German convertible bond, all free and not requiring a sign-up. Börse Stuttgart German Google I am looking for ...
8k views

### Correct way to find the mean of annual geometric returns of monthly returns?

Say I'm given I set of monthly returns over 10 years on a monthly basis. What is the correct way to find the geometric returns of this data? I ask because a classmate and I are on different sides of ...
2k views

### Why are options trades supposed to be delta-neutral?

I'm reading Natenberg's book, and he says that all options trades should be delta neutral. I understand that this prevents small changes in the underlying price from changing the price of the option, ...
397 views

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### How does currency valuation depend on the cash reserve ratio for a country?

Currency valuation (with respect to other currencies) is an important parameter in finance, but how is it related to the cash reserve ratio?
242 views

### Multiple comparison problems

I recently read a blog entry where some statistics were generated for a common technical analysis indicator. Below is the link. My question shows up close to the bottom under the name bill_080, in ...
8k views

### How are cryptography and speech recognition technology applied to forecasting financial markets?

One of the answers to my previous question regarding the strategy of Renaissance Technologies, there was a reference to The Quants: How a New Breed of Math Whizzes Conquered Wall Street and Nearly ...
18k views

### Strategy of Renaissance Technologies Medallion fund: Holy Grail or next Madoff?

Renaissance Technologies Medallion fund is one of the most successful hedge funds - ever! Yet it is very secretive. Do you have information on the strategy used that is not yet mentioned in the ...
3k views

### Most successful investors using academic-based framework?

What are the most famous/best performing absolute-return funds employing approaches based on mainstream finance theory (i.e., theory presented in Journal of Finance, AER, Econometrica, using typically ...
1k views

### How can an ETF outperform its benchmark index?

Deutsche Bank’s ETF platform, db X-trackers, provides a rather remarkable ETF tracking Euro Stoxx 50 (which is the most widely used regional blue-chip index in Europe). What makes it remarkable is ...
2k views

### Are two identical time series cointegrated?

I did cointegration test on two identical time series, and the result shows that they are not cointegrated, but intuitively, I think they are. Can anyone share some thoughts on this? Thanks!
2k views

### Mean reverting Indicator

I'm looking for an indicator which tells me if it's a good time to use mean reverting type quantitative trading strategies. In order to do so I look at the market (the few hundred stocks I trade) and ...
990 views

### Forward Adjusting Stock Prices?

How should one correctly forward adjust historical prices given a time series of Open, High, Low, Close, Return? Suppose that the data series is given below ('1' is the oldest interval; '5' is the ...
2k views

### Formal proof for risk-neutral pricing formula

As you know, the key equation of risk neutral pricing is the following: $\exp^{-rt} S_t = E_Q[\exp^{-rT} S_T | \mathcal{F}_t]$ That is, discounted prices are Q-martingales. It makes real-sense for ...
1k views

### What .NET library can I use to solve optimization problems?

I'm working with C# and I start being bored writing optimization algorithm. Do you know any free library containing this sort of algorithms? In particular I'm currently working with Semidefit ...
I'm studying for an exam in financial models and came across this question: "An agent with $C^2$ strictly increasing concave utility $U$ has wealth $w_0$ at time 0, and wishes to invest his wealth in ...