# All Questions

215 views

### How to group mutual funds by volatility?

I want to group Mutual Funds by their volatility. Ideally, I would like to end up with the mutual funds beings attached to different groups: High volatility Medium volatility Low Volatility My ...
118 views

### Exposition of Growth in a Perpetuity

Something that's bugged me since I've ever learned anything about finance: Philosophically(?) speaking, why does growth subtract from a perpetuity's return? I know the mathematical explanation, but ...
11k views

### How do you explain the volatility smile in the Black-Scholes framework?

Does anyone have an explanation for the currently naturally forming volatility smile (and the variations) in the market?
1k views

### Version of Girsanov theorem with changing volatility

Is there a version of Girsanov theorem when the volatility is changing? For example Girsanov theorem states that Radon Nikodym (RN) derivative for a stochastic equation is used to transform the ...
4k views

### Hurst Exponent Calculation

I am trying to calculate the Hurst Exponent using Excel. I am facing a problem where the exponent value sometime goes beyond 1. Can someone share a link / material so that it will help me to calculate ...
336 views

### Rank Correlation Based Prediction

Are there any methods of prediction (machine learning, regression, etc.) which are designed to maximize the rank correlation (spearman correlation, kendall's tau, etc.) of your prediction with your ...
674 views

### Why is delta-hedging of ATM options near expiry difficult to do? [closed]

Can someone explain to me why the delta-hedging of ATM options near expiry is difficult?
463 views

### Why does $\hat{\epsilon}'\hat{\epsilon}$ of a factor model measure risk?

$\hat{\epsilon}'\hat{\epsilon}$ from the market model: $R_{it} - \hat{\alpha} - \hat{\beta}R_{mt} = \hat{\epsilon}$, or from a factor model such as the Fama-French 3 factor model, is often used in the ...
153 views

### Do taking in account the CSA create convexity effects in your stripping?

When you strip your rate curves using CSA, what kind of convexity effects might appear as a result when computing the CSAed curve from one fixing to another ? For example if you are valuing an USD ...
1k views

### Show that convexity of call price as a function of the strike is violated [closed]

European call options with strikes 90, 100 and 110 on the same underlying asset and with the same maturity are trading for 22.50, 18.84 and 13.97 respectively. show that the convexity of the call ...
3k views

### How do I evaluate the suitability of a GARCH model?

Suppose I downloaded the closing price of a company, say Google or whatever, I want to use GARCH model to model and forecast the volatility of the return. To simplify, I only have two questions. ...
783 views

### Trade execution in HFT - role of quants

What is the role of quants in trade execution in high frequency trading? AFAIR in "normal" trading trade execution is considered a very mundane task. What role can quantitative modelling play in trade ...
1k views

### Generate tick data from candlestick

Is there software (or Python / R / ... scripts) to generate (pseudo) tick data from candlestick data. I have candlestick data (CSV format) from monthly timeframe (MN) to minute timeframe (M1) but ...
887 views

### How do you synthesize a probability density function (pdf) from equally weighted price data?

What I'm working with: I have a collection of prices that has very few to no repeating values (depending on the look back period) ie each price value is unique, some prices are clustered and some can ...
90 views

### Individual/casual investors and the bias towards blue-chip stocks?

There's quite a bit of research (example, [1]) teasing out the fact that home/casual/individual investors prefer stocks with large positive skewness. It surprised me, as I was reading a bunch of these ...
205 views

### Expected length and depth of drawdown

Does anyone know of any model to estimate the distribution of drawdown length and depth assuming a certain portfolio dynamics? The arcsine law seems to suggest that a portfolio can spend a large ...
866 views

### Implied Volatility for Asian option

I am new to the topic of Asian options. Assume I want to price an Asian put (fixed strike, discrete average) in the Black Scholes world. I know implementations to calculate the value but what is the ...
541 views

### Coin Toss System

Coin Toss Runs Calculator The expected number of runs for two consecutive heads or tails is 3. Is there an edge if we place a progressive constant size bet(limited to 3 times)for consecutive ...
943 views

### What makes IRC a market risk?

Since modeling leaves complete freedom we can assume both market and credit risks can enter the picture. However the minimum requirement is (migrations and) defaults simulation, how does this ...
186 views

### Backtesting benchmark / control test design

I am designing a backtesting system to test an algorithm. I'd like to have a benchmark / control test results to compare to the results of a custom algorithm. A limited "set" of stocks is selected ...
172 views

### What are the proper metrics to look at for checking discrepancies in these two time series

I am obtaining bid/ask price and volume market data from two different sources for the same ticker and for the same day and checking to see that at time intervals X they are "roughly the same". The ...
748 views

### Why do low standard deviation stocks tend to have superior future returns?

I've recently stumbled on something that really surprised me. These papers (1, 2) find that past standard deviation of returns is inversely related to future returns. That is, portfolio of low ...
681 views

### Gradient tree boosting — do input attributes need to be scaled?

For other algorithms (like support vector machines), it is recommended that input attributes are scaled in some way (for example put everything on a [0,1] scale). I have googled extensively and can't ...
3k views

### Conditional or unconditional volatility?

I am reading a paper (reference below) that states "The conditional volatility for each underlying security (or for a market index) can be estimated using the standard deviation of the stock’s ...
398 views

### Volatility models using Rugarch

I have estimated sGARCH, EGARCH and TGARCH, which some for particular models are significant. For others, the alpha remain insignificant using various innovations such as the skewed variants of the ...
189 views

### Creating a doubling and halving position

I want to create a position that either multiplies with $1+u$ (outcome $U$) or $1-d$ (outcome $D$). The probability of $U$ is denoted by $P(U) = \pi$. The initial value of the position is $V_0$. Given ...
178 views

### Looking for analysis of NASDAQ suit?

I may have every particular detail of this wrong, including the exchange, but years ago, maybe as long as 20, there was a successful suit against NASDAQ based on research by academics showing their ...
928 views

### Using alpha to evaluate trading strategy

I have a trading strategy that generates returns $R_{t}$. I want to test the strategy by looking at the alpha: $R_t - R_{f,t} = \alpha + \beta (R_{m,t} - R_{f,t}) + e_t$ I compare my alpha against ...
389 views

### Where can I find exercises on building a project finance spreadsheet?

I'm looking for a set of exercises that teach how to build a project finance spreadsheet. I accept there may be no typical project finance, but there are a lot of principles are shared in common ...
211 views

### Whare are the common Global Asset Allocation indices?

I would like to make a comparison between some multi asset class strategies and some kind of benchmark. In this situation, the classic benchmarks like MSCI World (for Equitites), GSCI (for ...
185 views

### Probability Density of Returns of Bonus Certificates

Could anyone please help me with the following? I need to generate a histogram (resp. probability density) of returns of a bonus-certificate. A bonus-certificate can be replicated by an underlying ...
3k views

### Sources of Machine Readable News

I'm starting on a project that involves correlating and forecasting Forex time series to news releases. I'm aware of sources such as Thomson Reuter's machine readable news and Dow Jone's Newswire ...
349 views

### Choosing attributes for SVM classification?

Let's assume I am classifying every trading day as a 1 or a 0. Exactly what I am classifying doesn't matter, but for the sake of this question let's say I am predicting direction of price change. So, ...
2k views

### Equity option portfolio greeks with underlying

I'm curious about how to construct the five basic greeks for an equity option portfolio when there are shares of the underlying in the portfolio. For example, a portfolio of 100 call options and 100 ...
141 views

### How is a quanto priced?

How would one price a derivative denominated in EUR that pays in USD?
304 views

### What is Heston's equation?

This paper mentions the elliptic Heston operator: $Av:= -\frac y2(v_{xx}+2\rho\sigma v_{xy} + \sigma^2v_{yy}) - (c_0 - q - \frac y2)v_x + \kappa(\theta -y)v_y + c_0v$. Then boundary value problem ...
323 views

### self-consistent parametric form for equity implied volatility

I recall reading a paper, but can't remember where I found it. In short, there was a parametric form for volatility smile/skew that fit both index and single stock vol slices and had intuitive ...
899 views

### VaR for corporate bonds

I am trying to create a simple risk calculation for the portfolio (ignoring correlations for the moment). I have some corporate bonds with limited daily price changes. Any one have ideas how I can get ...
518 views

### Connections between random walk and heat equation (Material for ~)

I am preparing an undergraduate lecture in quantitative finance and I am looking for material that combines the topics: random walk and heat equation The material should be accessible ...
118 views

### forward- and backward adjusting stockprices

Do you guys know if a paper has been published that discusses forward- and backward adjusted stockprices, and the look ahead bias coming from backward adjusted data?
1k views

### Data feed API that uses REST?

Is there a data feed provider that has a REST (http) API? Preferably real-time and historical, at least for US equities.
5k views

### Can the Hurst exponent be greater than one?

Can the Hurst exponent be greater than one? Does it mean that the time series follows a random walk or that it's not stationary?
341 views

### Alternative liquidity measures

I'm going to write the MSc thesis on flight-to-liquidity phenomenon in stock markets and I'm interested in liquidity measures other than Amihud or bid-ask spread. What are some other popular measures ...
749 views

### Calculating the right portfolio(position size for each leg) in a Long/Short Strategy

For a Long/Short Strategy, I have two stocks with different volatilities. How can I calculate the right position size for each leg? *The pair trading is not coming from co-integration but more as a ...
926 views

### .NET statistical packages recommendation

What open source or commercial .NET statistical package would you guys recommend? I am doing statistical arbitrage in options. The functions I need mainly are regressions, optimizations..etc. It would ...
557 views

### Risk neutral probability in binomial short rate model assumed to be 0.5?

This should be a basic question but I have not been able to find a satisfying explanation. In the simplest binomial model, the risk neutral probability is computed using the up/down magnitude and the ...
746 views

### Construction of “vol of vol”

How do you construct something that lets you buy "vol of vol"? not necessarily for VIX, but any particular stock or index.
2k views

### How to transform process to risk-neutral measure for Monte Carlo option pricing?

I am trying to price an option using the Monte Carlo method, and I have the price process simulations as an inputs. The underlying is a forward contract, so at all times the mean of the simulations is ...