# All Questions

136 views

### How does one use the Johansen cointegration test in a linear time series model?

How does one use the Johansen cointegration test in a linear time series model? Should I only use normalized coeffients for interpretation? Or, once I know that the variables are cointegrated, do I ...
70 views

### Is there an appropriate sequence to tests during model diagnosis?

How should one order (sequence) the following tests? Stationarity test Johansen cointegration test Normality/Histogram test Autocorrelation test Heteroskedasticity test Multicollinearity test Or,...
3k views

### Implied dividend estimation

I am looking at two different ways of estimating the expected / implied dividends from market data. 1. Dividend futures I know that this asset class is not very liquid and might not be ...
1k views

### What exactly is an ISO order?

I have been looking this up and I feel like I keep running into different definitions. My understanding is that an ISO order is one which will get filled with the displayed quantity in a particular ...
282 views

### How replicate data using PCA

I have a set of date covering petrol prices. My example has two columns where each row represents a sequential date. ...
152 views

### Hedging differences between equity and index options?

Suppose we hedge an index option using futures on that index. How would the hedging strategy be different if the underlying could be traded directly (from a risk point of view)?
1k views

541 views

### portfolio optimization with a loop

I am attempting to minimize the variance of a 3 stock portfolio using optimization within a loop. What I have done is calculated the stock returns and cov matrix from dates 1980-01-01 to 1989-12-31 ...
789 views

### How is the MESA sine wave calculated?

I've found many, many sites which describe what the MESA sine wave looks like and how to interpret it. But I have yet to find any site that describes the actual formula used to calculate the sine ...
4k views

### Cointegration tests

I'm trying to figure out how to perform cointegration tests in R between 2 time series. I'm using po.test from the package ...
248 views

### How to synchronize put and call option-data?

I recently retrieved a large amount of European option data, for call and put prices, from OptionMetrics. Doing so for the same time period I get a file consisting of 62558 rows of call prices & ...
14k views

### Calculating spot rate of interest

You are given the following information regarding the domestic government fixed-interest bond market: The current price of a one-year bond paying coupons at a rate of $4.5$% per annum and redeemed ...
1k views

### Resources for finding scholarly research on topics in quantitative finance?

A friend and I have taken up an interest in quantitative finance, and we're pretty much starting from scratch—neither of us have backgrounds in finance, but rather electrical engineering and ...
2k views

### Longstaff-Schwartz (Least Squares Monte Carlo) applied to American Options

I'm working on an implementation in R of Longstaff & Schwartz method from the this 2001 article. I've managed to build code that replicates their prices in table 1 (p. 127), but only for the ones ...
2k views

### how do you evaluate an FX market EMS?

My firm is investigating FX EMS systems to see if we can reduce execution costs for our trading strategies that involve FX (not low latency). The liquidity providers are a few major banks. We're ...
126 views

### Can Central Index Keys (CIKs) issued by the SEC be reassigned?

Suppose company A has CIK 0000012345 and ceases to exist. At some later time, company B registers with the SEC to submit filings. Is it possible that company B will be assigned the same CIK ...
28k views

### How to compute Implied Volatility Calculation?

We all know if you back out of the BS option pricing model you can derive and solve what the options is "implying" as its volatility. However, what is the formula used to derive Implied Volatility (...
229 views

### Stress testing covariance

Going one level beyond stressed scenarios, to parameters e.g. for a VaR measure: what are the most common approaches for stressing a covariance/correlation matrix, especially taking portfolio exposure ...
442 views

### Using cointegration to prove that a long-short strategy is market neutral (in CAPM sense)

I am trying to prove that a long-short strategy invested according to the cointegrated relationship from Engle-Granger's. So essentially I'm trying to show that the return $r_{XY}$ of the portfolio (X ...
118 views

### How are option expiration dates decided?

I looked at the CBOE website and they say the expiration is the Saturday following the third Friday of each month. However, I look up an options chain for Google, for example, and I see three ...
2k views

### Best tool to generate cashflow diagrams

I often have to generate cashflow diagrams. I was wondering if anyone has a good tool to generate them in either $\LaTeX$ or a picture?
300 views

### PCA Variances and Principal Portfolio Variances

In Meucci's paper called "Managing Diversification" he mentions that: "Indeed, the eigenvalues A correspond to the variances of these uncorrelated portfolios" I tried to replicate it but found they ...
515 views

### How do you know if if an option is priced correctly?

Besides obvious extreme examples (ie volatility going to infinity, infinite time, zero time, or zero volatility, deep OTM/ITM ) how does one gauge if an option is 'correct' or at least in the ...
453 views

I am considering a product composed of 10 underlying assets. The maturity is 5 year. Each year if the performance of the equi-weighted portfolio reach a barrier, it pays a coupon. My question concern ...
4k views

### Call option arbitrage opportunity

I am having trouble wrapping my head around some text provided to us by our lecturer (unfortunately he is currently unavailable). If we let $c$ be the price of a European call option, $S_0$ the ...
99 views

### Benchmarking risk

Given the portfolio return $R$ and the benchmark return $B$, I want to define a risk indicator, measuring the ability to beat the benchmark ($R>B$), given the downside risk taken; the latter not ...
511 views

I've been trying to download the national interest rates for some countries. When i use Datastream, it only gives me the currency return (while i need yield). Can someone please tell how to ...
784 views

### How to correctly construct a value- and equally weighted portfolio consisting of property-types?

A problem of which I couldn’t find the answer on the forum is about the construction of equally-weighted and value-weighted portfolio. I want to compute the equally-weighted property-type portfolio ...
6k views

### t-statistics for the mean return, using Newey-West standard errors

I have seen that in several papers, where the aim was to evaluate the performance of a certain investment strategy, they use t-statistics to test for significance in the results. However, this seems a ...
233 views

156 views

### Statistics of difference between two GBMs

if I have two asset prices modeled separately as geometric brownian motions. How do i go about calculating the expected statistics of their difference? Like given the sigmas and mus of both processes, ...
451 views

### How to estimate the following model?

Suppose I have the following model: $$r_t=\sigma_t * \epsilon_t$$ where $r_t$ is the return at time t, $\sigma_t$ is the volatility, the model used to model this volatility is an exponentially ...
176 views

### How to deal with different amount of td's in computing Sharpe Ratio

In calculating the Sharpe Ratio, should I take into account the days were I have 0 return due to non-trading day? Another user posted a similar question but this was related to trading days with no ...
254 views

### Iterating through every path of a Trinomial Tree

I am attempting to come up with an algorithm to iterate through every possible path of a trinomial tree and am having difficulties coming up with one. Is there any literature on this or has anyone ...
Consider a probability filtred space $(\Omega, \mathcal F, \mathbb F, \mathbb P)$, where $\mathbb F = (\mathcal F_t)_{0\leq t\leq T}$ satisfing the habitual conditions and is generated by $1 d$- ...
Consider a probability filtred space $(\Omega, \mathcal F, \mathbb F, \mathbb P)$, where $\mathbb F = (\mathcal F_t)_{0\leq t\leq T}$ satisfing the habitual conditions and isgenerated by $1 d$- ...