# All Questions

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### Book recommendation on robust optimization

I have a bachelors degree in economics and I took undergrad courses on mathematical optimization methods for economics and dynamic optimization in economics and econometrics. Now I'm taking an ...
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### Data Selection for Empirical Pricing Kernel Estimation (Stochastic Discount Factor)

I want to estimate an empirical pricing kernel for an index. Hence, I need to estimate a physical and risk neutral density. For estimating the physical density, only the index data in an observed time ...
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### How to calculate a forward-starting swap with forward equations?

I have been trying to resolve this problem for some time but I cannot get the correct answer. The problem is the following one. Compute the initial value of a forward-starting swap that begins at ...
53 views

### Overlapping Value-at-Risk Backtest Data an Issue?

My understanding of VaR model back testing is thus: ~~ t: Calculate daily VaR using look back data over n past days t+1: Compare daily return against VaR, record breach if one occurred, repeat ...
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### Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for Generalized Pareto Distribution

I've fitted my data to a generalized pareto distribution as to model the returns in the tails more accurately. The interior is fitted with kernel distributions. I would like to now test whether the ...
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### IR Yield Curve and Fixing Dates

Consider two FRAs. 3x6 , Effective 3 months from now, terminates in 6 months. The floating leg payer pays 3-month LIBOR. Fixing date for LIBOR 40 business days. To price this at par, the fixed leg ...
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### How to compute daily compounded backtest returns closer to real-world results?

I often run quick tests of trading strategies in my analytics suites by: multiplying a vector of signal (lagged, {-1,0,1}) with a time series of daily percentage returns doing a cumulative product ...
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### Quadratic exponential method (by Andersen) in Heston model

I am having trouble understanding the reasons that led Andersen to define his QE scheme to efficiently simulate Heston Stochastic volatility model (you may check the celebrated scheme here). The ...
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### Variability in the Expected Shortfall estimator

Are there any results for calculating the variability in the Expected Shortfall measure. I am looking for Large sample confidence intervals under Normality for Expected Shortfall or calculation of ...
73 views

### Expected Shortfall and Spectral Risk Measure

Not sure I am understanding spectral risk measures correctly. Why is there an equal weighting scheme placed on the tail losses in expected shortfall. Will that no bias the expected value of the loss ...
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### Volatility estimation: sampling frequency and scaling

I have a year long stock data sampled at 5 min frequency and would like to estimate monthly volatility using it. I am thinking using GARCH or TGARCH for volatility estimation. However, I am not sure ...
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### option pricing with limitation on the change of underlying daily changes

how are we supposed to price an European option given the fact that the daily return of the underlying is limited within -X% to X%? For example, if X = 5, the price of the underlying cannot go up 8% ...
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### Text book or distilled guide to market making?

Are there any practical articles, blogs or books that describe common practices in market making and how to calculate and use common measures? The majority of the information I found are research ...
64 views

### Correlation Multiple Currencies

If i have a portfolio of stocks from different currencies and i want to generate a correlation matrix from the stocks, how is the correct procedure ? Imagine a portfolio which the base currency is ...
332 views

### Johansen Cointegration Test

I just performed a Johansen Co-integration test on two stocks. The results I get are: ans = r0 r1 t1 true false I am using Matlab. Can ...
220 views

### Excel to Java for Interactive brokers

I have a working excel workbook connected to Interactive brokers DDE API. I am struggling to upgrade to a more robust environment like Java. I tried to change it to ActiveX for Excel but the ...
127 views

### american option and cash dividends

Can someoe help with this : What is the precise arbitrage argument demonstrating that the price of an american option should be continuous around an ex-dividend date? Thanks
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### Do you know any data source for historical VWAP data?

I am looking for historical VWAP pricing data for north american equities. I haven't been able to find a free/cheap data source. Do you guys know of one ? Also, is there a way to proxy for an equities ...
403 views

### Open source equity/bond index data

I have been using the tseries package of R (get.hist.quote) to get historical quotes for various indices from yahoo finance. I am interested in DAX, VDAX, EB.REXX ...
190 views

### what is a typical way forex brokerages can provide cheap leverage for their customers?

I'm not very well read in the area of high finance but I'm curious how forex brokerages are able to provide the backing for leverage that they can provide to customers. Is it possible to do this ...
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### Historical Data on \$/yen forward exchange rates

Would anyone happen to know where I can find historical forward exchange rate data between the yen and dollar?
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### ICE oil Future Markers

i have seen Brent oil future singapore marker many times. however, i wonder what is the reason for introducing different markers in the future market. FYI - LINK
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### What's the intuition behind DTS(duration times spread) in fixed income?

I am having some difficulty grasping the concept of using DTS to measure credit risk. In the equity world, one typical measure of risk is beta, which is quite well-defined as the exposure to a common ...
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### Which is the better risk sensitive measure?

Consider the two following optimization problem 1) $$\min_{\theta} \ln E_{\theta}[ e^{X}]$$ 2) $$\min_{\theta} E_{\theta}[ X]$$ with the constraint $$Var_{\theta}[X] <c$$ Is it true that ...
51 views

### Calculating short/long order percentages?

I have a feed in real time that lists the ask and bid orders. Each order consists of a value and a quantity. I want to calculate the percentage of short orders from the total orders in terms of ...
364 views

### Bond Portfolio Immunization - Duration Matching

**Question is at the bottom** Suppose you have a portfolio of bonds A, B, and C with the following characteristics: (the "Frequency" column is the # of coupon pmts per year and also the # of ...
255 views

### Calculating Bollinger Band Correctly

My bollinger band comes out like the below, which doesn't seem right. Any idea what is wrong with my code for calculating upper and lower bollinber bands? I obtained my data from here ...
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### ex ante tracking error correlation between funds

I have two portfolio's called Comb & Global. They both have the same investable universe lets says 3000 stocks & are measured against the same benchmark. So it is possible that both funds hold ...
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### FTSE AIM Components From 2000, 2001, … 2013

From where can I get a list of historical component lists for the FTSE AIM Index as well as other indices? I see that there is a page for data sources here, but that page does not contain what I am ...
113 views

### source for yahoo finance equities volume traded

I am looking at some academic studies regarding volume of stock traded. Yahoo Finance is used as the data source for volume. Does anyone know where the volume figure comes from? Is it a compilation ...
167 views

### Are Papers and Funds reporting Monthly drawdowns using daily granularity?

I'm curious as to how many academic studies and industry white papers are actually using daily data to report intramonth drawdowns; specifically, when the papers are often reporting monthly signals, ...
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### Historical volatility from close prices (Haug pg 166)

I have implemented a function for calculating historical volatility using close the close method as described by Haug on page 166. When I implemented the formula given by Haug, it resulted in some ...