# All Questions

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### CAC40 components historical data

I'm looking for historical data of the CAC40 components. I looked at these previously asked questions: What data sources are available online? Finding historical data for indices as well as Yahoo ...
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### CFA l2 Volume 5 p. 340 OAS spread Example 6 [closed]

This is to clarify things. In the example we are using the OAS to correctly price a call option bond. I understand the OAS is the Z Spread excluding the yield effect of the option. So considering ...
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### How to interpret the French-Fama SMB factor?

I regressed ten portfolios on the Fama French factors and get significant loadings on the SMB factor. However, if I look at the actual average market cap of these portfolios, the portfolios with the ...
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### How to properly assess the costs of replicating an index via futures contracts?

I would like to validate this sentence, coming from a WSJ article: The cost of holding a Eurostoxx 50 future, for example, has climbed from an average of 0.07% of the contract value since 1998, ...
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### Daily PnL Calculation with currency conversion and multiple trades at the same day

In my project I increase and decrease my position many times during the day and leave a part of the position open. Through these many trades the position can flip from long to short. At the end of the ...
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### Advice on further education for quant [closed]

So I am a former premed student who decided not to go into MedSchool and changed to finance because for me there was much more interest in my finance electives than my bio/chem courses. I have been ...
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### How to compute the Coskewness Matrix in excel?

I'm triyng to compare two portfolio based on same sample of equities returns. And i want to know how to compute the coskewness matrix without using VBA, only in excel. Even a simple example with three ...
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### Derivation of Kolmogorov Forward Equation [closed]

I posted this question here in math stackexchange with my own suggested answer, can anyone see if my answer is correct? ...
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### scale alpha forecasts to align with covariance matrix

I have a set of monthly alpha forecasts and my covariance matrix has been annualized. I would like to do a mean variance optimization with a linear tcost penalty term. How do I rescale my alpha ...
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### Which bond corresponds to which curve?

Bond X has a coupon Bond Y is a zero-coupon bond (Maturity 2 years) Bond Z is a zero-coupon bond (Maturity 10 years) The following graph is given: X-axis: yield curve, Y-axis: price Question: ...
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### Where can I get historical fundamental data for multiple companies in a single CSV file?

Summary I seek an explicit reference to a source that gives me a fixed URL, e.g. http://example.com/?isin=US1912161007 or ...
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### How to evaluate a success rate of a trading strategy

In order to compare various trading strategies, I am trying to calculate the success rate (the ratio of winning and losing trades). While it is clear to me that this indicator is far from being an ...
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### Invoice Discount pricing model

I was wondering whether there exist pricing models in particular for Invoice Discounting contracts and short-term financing solution where credit risk plays a major role. Specifically, assuming that ...
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### building stocks screener using R and Quantmod

I am trying out R and Quantmod, my aim is to scan whatever stocks which match MACD crossover let's say 12 and 26 period, then print the stocks code on one Window. I have couple questions: How could ...
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### Correlated Random Number Generation using Sobol?

There is a clear theory about generating correlated random numbers using Cholesky decomposition or PCA. I suppose if we apply above methods to random numbers generated using Uniform random numbers ...
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### Raising money in IPOs

When a company goes into an IPO wouldn't they try to make as much money as they can? Then how come the Greenshoe option says that some would try to not issue additional shares just so their share ...
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### How to compute short interest real-time?

Is there a way to compute real-time short interest (at least daily) using Bloomberg for a given stock?
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### Limits on Short selling

When back testing an algorithm that relies upon short selling certain stocks, how to limit the short selling so that the back-test results still remain reliable? What kind of controls are generally ...
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### Ito, Stochastic Exponential and Girsanov

This is a two-part question relating to the change of measure density used in Girsanov and secondly to the Stochastic Exponential. Whilst reading notes relating to Girsanov it is stated that the ...
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### Transformation into Martingale

If $f$ is some function of BV on $\mathbb{R}$ and $dZ_t = f(W_t)dW_t + \mu_t dt$ ($W_t$ is a $1$-dimensional standard Brownian Motion), then what choice of real valued function $F$ makes: ...
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### Why is rate of return on the stock normally distributed under GBM?

Let us assume the geometric Brownian motion, and we have $$dS_t= uS_tdt+\sigma S_tdz,$$ and $S_t$ follows a log-normal distribution, but why is $r_t$, the continuously compounded rate of return, ...
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### Transition densities in the Heson model

Knowing the Characteristic function $\Phi_{T,t} = \mathbb{E} [ e^{i u S_T} | S_t, V_t]$ (or equivalently, the Laplace transform) of an affine process, it's possible to know the distribution of the ...
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### Source for Normalized File of ETF Holdings [duplicate]

Does anyone know of a source for a data feed containing ETF Holdings for most ETF firms such as Ishares, Proshares, State Street? I know Bloomberg has this info, but I'm looking for a vendor that can ...
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### Inferences with non-normal data

I have data of index closing values. I later will use to run some regressions on the percent changes. When examining the data, I find heteroscedastic residuals and that the distribution is non-normal. ...
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### Different ways to identify a co-integrated series?

I have been reading and trying out stuff until I am totally confused and back to square one. Could someone please explain the difference between the two methods suggested below? Suppose I have 10 ...
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### Time value of option not always leading to an increased option value

My understanding was that as you increase the time to expiry of an option, the value of the option increases. However, I have run a bunch of scenarios and have realized that if you assume a dividend ...
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### Finding the price of an option that will be exercised [duplicate]

I am reposting this question because it was originally unclear, and I didn't get the answers I was hoping for. In my finance book I have the following question T-bills currently yield 5.5 percent. ...
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### Time 0 value of an American Put in Cox-Ross-Rubinstein model

This is a question from a problem sheet which I have handed in and have solutions for. The only examples of this in class I have seen are examples where the interest rate is 0. "Consider a ...
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### How Commercial Mortgage Backed Securities works?

I recently read some concept about CMBS, and have some questions about it. To make my question clear, here is an example. So say I have a pool of 5 loans that each generate 1000 for 23 months, and ...
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I have a beginner question in credit quantitative modelling. I would like to know how we can derive forward credit spread curve, i.e the counterparty of forward yield curves. Indeed, for deriving a ...
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### Standard Formula for Solvency II

I am qualified in Mathematics and Physics but would like to have a career in Finance. I will be starting an M.Sc. In Financial Mathematics next October but am already reading about certain topics to ...
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### How discount TVaR of a put option?

Let say I want to calculate the TVaR of a put option. After I simulated possible outcomes in real-world, how do I discount the outcomes? Is there a difference if I am hedged or not? I tried to use ...