# All Questions

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### Positive VaR when calculation on Total Return Indexes?

I recently saw a VaR calculation, and I was wondering whether that calculation made sense. Here the details: 1. Construction of a total return bond portfolio index. By total return I mean that the ...
148 views

### How to pull stock exchange names for a list of tickers, bloomberg?

How to pull stock exchange names for a list of stocks with tickers, on bloomberg? Please advise the steps so as to paste the list of tickers without having to type tickers one by one.
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### Non-Negative Matrix Factorization - Estimating the Mean

How do you estimate the mean in a Non-Negative Matrix Factorization framework? It is obvious and well known how to estimate the covariance matrix, how ever I also need the estimated mean. I'm ...
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### Can the Minimum Variance Hedge ratio be greater than 1?

The Minimum Variance Hedge ratio is defined as: $h = \rho * \frac{\sigma_S}{\sigma_F}$ For correlation $\rho$ and $\sigma_S , \sigma_F$ for S.D. of changes in asset and future prices accordingly. ...
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### Adjusting simple volatitly for a VaR calc

I'm reviewing a VaR estimate adjusting a simple annualized volatility to an unwind period of x days - in this case for an equity position, using the following formula for a given annual volatility : ...
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### Conditional expectation of a non stochastic process

In an example I was working through it was shown that $W_{t}^{2} - t$ was a martingale with respect to the Brownian motion filtration $\mathcal{F}_{s}^{W}$ with $t>s$. Everything was fine except a ...
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### Computing the minimum variance portfolio

Given two risky assets and their corresponding covariance matrix, how do I compute the global minimum variance portfolio, its standard deviation and its expected return?
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### Quantiles, Value-at-Risk and log normal random walks…

Sorry, that's probably quite a bunch of silly questions, but I just got lost a bit and need to dot all the i's and cross some t's :). Let's say we have a series of returns (like this one we may get ...
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### Under what circumstances would one want to delta hedge a straddle

Under what circumstances would one want to delta hedge a straddle option? This link explains: ...
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### Reuters RIC chain for Eurodollar midcurve options

Can someone please tell me what this is? Thanks. Edit: The RIC for the straight eurodollar options is 0#GE+, I need RICs for the 1,2,3,4 mid curve options which the IMM/IOM calls GE0, GE2, GE3, ...
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### How to pull an exhaustive list of securities traded globally, on bloomberg?

I need to extract an exhaustive list of securities with CUSIPs and ISINs on bloomberg. This data needs to be on a global level. Can someone help with the formulae on bloomberg please? Cheers, G
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Suppose that you have a portfolio whose composition is uncertain. If you regress the portfolio returns on known factors (e.g., Fama-French 3-factor), can you use the loadings to determine (in general) ...
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### Actually benefiting from logistic regression to estimate probability of default

Does anyone know any events where using logistic regression to estimate probability of default has led to a bank, financial institution, government or anything really to benefit in practice? I see a ...
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### Here is an approach for measuring Data Snooping; is it new?

I came up with an approach for measuring data snooping, or overfitting. My question is whether this approach was published and expanded-on already, or is it new? My approach relies on the observation ...
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### Radon-Nikodym derivative and risk natural measure

I need help with my understanding of changing probability measure. Im not a mathematician so I hope for answers that are not too technical. As shown in this Wikipedia article ...
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### at c(x)% “where x is a numerical figure”, what does that c mean?

When i read financial news, sometimes, there is cX% (where X is a number). Below are few examples: 1. "improving to c4% on a proforma basis" 2. "market share is now c6% of the ..." What does that c ...
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### Good Exam FM book for Stocks

I am currently studying for the actuarial exam FM and I just took the practice online exam. Unfortunately I am at a 60-70% level and I would like to get that to at least an 80% by April. I think I ...
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### biggest rally data collection

Where can I find data for biggest rally(price rally) in a day? If this sort of information is not readily available, how could I produce/transform such data?
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### Bootstrapping zero-rates from AUD swap rates

I have a pay fixed / receive floating interest-rate-swap on the AUD BBSY that I'd like to price for the purposes of accounting. I understand the general process to be as follows (assuming ...
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### Complicated American style option contract with numerous non-standard features (simultanous exercise, additional premium, etc.)

I want to value the following contract for times $0<t<T$, i.e. determine $V(t,\cdot)$ where $\cdot$ refers to all other dependences (strike, spot, volatility, etc.). The contract is long and ...
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### constrained portfolio optimization by fmincon

I am working through this paper, http://www.nber.org/papers/w8922.pdf I want to implement the portfolio weight constraints see page 6-7. Here is the brief overview of my problem: Let ...
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### How to break down an FX option P&L?

I am comparing the mark-to-market (MtM) valuations of two risk systems, with respect to FX Options. My question is can I quantify the difference in MtM given the following: System1 AUD/JPY, MTM = ...
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I am trying to gather historical data for experimental reasons (intellectual curiosity) and am having trouble understanding how that data is calculated. First some data gathering on AAPL from Feb. ...
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### Discounting factor depends on [closed]

Does discounting factor only depends on issuer, or it also depends on structure of payments ( i.e. fixed or float)? Thank you in advance.
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### Variance swap replication and variance vega

Noob here. I've been trying to gain a better understanding of variance swaps and what better way than to replicate it with a portfolio of better understood instruments. I have read the GS 1999 ...
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### Regime Switching for Dynamic Correlations

I would like to implement a Regime Switching for Dynamic Correlations in an out-of-sample analysis using MATLAB. After looking at the literature on the subject, they all refer to an article by Denis ...
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### Is CAPM a failure?

CAPM says that in order to generate high returns I need to take more systemic risk. But the ex-post results do not seem to validate this theory. There is a ETF SPHB - PowerShares S&P 500 High ...
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### Online algorithm for selecting smoothing parameter?

In Online Algorithms in High-frequency Trading the authors demonstrate online, exponentially-weighted algorithms for mean, variance, and linear regression. The authors estimate their smoothing ...
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### Daily or weekly data?

I am trying to test a strategy but do not know if I should use daily or weekly data? I have tried researching this & have found that daily data will bring " too much " noise compared to lower ...
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### Deposit vs. LIBOR rates? (Bloomberg/SuperDerivatives)

I noticed that Bloomberg and SuperDerivatives both use "Deposit Rates" for the calculation of forward points for currencies. I couldn't find anything online that describes precisely where these rates ...
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### How to hedge a long stock with the corresponding volatility ETF

Let us say I want to establish a market neutral position. So if I buy 50 shares of stock (SPY) and I want to delta hedge, I sell an ATM covered call. So that brings the position delta to 0. Now, I ...
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### What is the difference between BBSW and AUD LIBOR?

I understand that BBSW is the reference rate for financial instruments while AUD LIBOR is the interbank rate benchmark. However, since AUD LIBOR has been discontinued due to the rigging scandal, can ...
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### Copulas simply explained

I try to understand the basic idea of copulas, however I am still struggling and hope that someone can help me. I understood that in general a copula is a function which links several marginal ...
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### What methods - inspired by Haavelmo’s Structural Econometrics - can show that a partial equilibrium model is unreliable? [closed]

According to Spanos 2014 Revisiting Haavelmo's Structural econometrics: Bridging the gap between theory and data Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium models are statistically inadequate, in such an ...
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### When the two time series with different length, how could we analysis them with a bivariate GARCH model?

At this moment, i need to do the analysis of rouble/us dollars exchange rate and the stock market index in Russia, I prefer to do that in a multivariate GARCH model. However, I have a question about ...
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### Can I add the greeks of individual postions to obtain greeks for the portfolio

I understand that the delta of an option portfolio is just the sum of the deltas of the individual option positions. What about the other Greeks like gamma and vega? Do the vega and gamma of a ...
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### Backtesting on historical option data

I have downloaded some daily historical option data for a timespan of 10 years and want to perform trading backtests with them. Data are European index options, on ODAX. My question is about realistic ...
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### When do CDS curves yield arbitrage opportunities?

In CDS markets we can sometimes observe inverted CDS curves or unusually steep curves. I am just wondering at what level certain curves become non-realistic. E.g. if we have 500bp for the 1-Year ...
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### How do I use BIC (Bayesian Information Criterion) to estimated model AR (auto regressive) lag?

In financial research papers, I have seen several times that the lag length in an ARMA model has been determined using BIC. Do the researchers estimate the lag length before considering other ...
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### Why annualized return and cumultive return aren't equal over 1-year period with Performance Analytics package in R?

I use Performance Analytics package in R to compare annualized and cumulative return of a portfolio. My expectation is that both should be equal over a period of 1-year but results tell me I'm wrong. ...
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### Do you have a good application example of Approximate Dynamic Programming?

Have you ever tackled a finance problem with Approximate Dynamic Programming? I have only used dynamic programming for simple examples like a optimal extraction in mining. Do you have canonical ...
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### How to value a Binary Option using market data?

Is there a way to calculate the price of a binary option (i.e., an option that pays out 1 dollar when the stock price hits $x$ amount) using market call/put option prices, forward prices, etc. for a ...
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### Is Geometric Brownian Model suitable for long term price forecast?

I was thinking of using Geometric Brownian Motion to forecast future prices of timber (say one variable, the stumpage price of sawtimber). I tested the time series with Augmented Dickey-Fuller test ...
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### How to calculate probability of option expiring in the money?

Given the following values ...
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### How to prove the “Law of one price” theorem?

There are two subparts to Fundamental Asset Pricing theorem. The Law Of One Price (LOOP thereafter) holds if and only if there exists a state price vector. In a market in which the LOOP holds, the ...