# All Questions

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### Is Geometric Brownian Model suitable for long term price forecast?

I was thinking of using Geometric Brownian Motion to forecast future prices of timber (say one variable, the stumpage price of sawtimber). I tested the time series with Augmented Dickey-Fuller test ...
81 views

### How to calculate probability of option expiring in the money?

Given the following values ...
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### How to prove the “Law of one price” theorem?

There are two subparts to Fundamental Asset Pricing theorem. The Law Of One Price (LOOP thereafter) holds if and only if there exists a state price vector. In a market in which the LOOP holds, the ...
307 views

### Why gamma and theta have opposite signs?

I saw some textbooks use B-S equation to explain why gamma and theta have opposite signs in most of the cases. For example, John Hull's classic book. The explanation is, first write B-S equation in ...
56 views

### The importance of good optimizers in Portfolio Optimization

I work as a Quant for an Asset Management and Insurance company and have recently enrolled for Masters degree in Computer Science. I am thinking about investigating how important having a "good" ...
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### Historical data for Canadian exchanges and mutual funds

There are scores of posts on obtaining historical data for many of the big exchanges, but for some reason there is a gap in sourcing historical data for Canadian exchanges. Short of Yahoo Finance and ...
44 views

### How to estimate constrained a constrained VAR(1) with MATLAB?

Suppose I want to estimate the following VAR(1) model: $$Y_t = \mu + \Phi Y_{t-1} + \varepsilon_t$$ where $Y_t=(y_{1t}, y_{2t},…,y_{kt})'$, $\mu=(\mu_1,…,\mu_{k})’$ and $\Phi$ a matrix of ...
113 views

### Estimating mean reversion

I've read in some places that mean reversion parameters for a rates model, eg Hull White, can be estimated directly from the current yield curve. However I've not been able to find anything more on ...
64 views

### How can I forecast future correlation?

There are some standard models for forecasting volatility (e.g., GARCH) and for forecasting returns (e.g., factor models). What kind of standard models exist for forecasting future correlation between ...
167 views

### How to apply the “Knapsack Problem” to minimise a portfolio's volatility?

Suppose I have a stock selection universe of 100 stocks. I have estimated the covariance matrix of this 100 stocks. I would like to create an equaly-weighted basket of 5 stocks which has the lowest ...
52 views

### Floating-rate bond

How can I extract expectations about future rates from prices of floating-rate bonds? Please, give reference to any articles, if possible. Thank you in advance.
105 views

### Cash flow diagram, interest rate inflow series

I have a econ midterm coming up soon and stumbled upon this question. My approach is: 2C=800/(1.12^2)+1200/(1.12^6)=125.71 or C=1245.71/2=622.85 But I have a gut feeling this is wrong. I believe the ...
86 views

### Does DV01 grow proportionally to portfolio?

I'm having trouble understanding DV01 convention. From what I understand it stands for "Dollar value of 1 basis point." For instance, if I have a bond with DV01 = 0.05, does a portfolio composed of ...
78 views

### Getting Parameter of Translated Gamma Distribution from Monte Carlo

Spin-off from here. (Edit) Main question: What do I do about a parameter whose suggested values range quite vastly? (Edit) Backstory: I am given data of loss values and the dates that correspond to ...
37 views

### Compute moments of aggregate loss using Monte Carlo

Spin-off from here. Richard referred to me an article that tells me how to get parameters of a translated gamma distribution to which I should consider fitting simulated aggregated loss values. The ...
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### Why the growth of the American Economy is going to cause the Fed to raise interest rates?

Due the growth of the American economy the Fed have published that interest rates are likely to increase. Why is that the response of the Fed?
216 views

### Market data for options

Looking for recommendations on places to get market data for options. I'm looking at NYSE and NASDAQ only. My current solution is my broker, Tradeking. I can request realtime data for 700 option ...
24 views

### What is the difference between generating portfolios on the efficient frontiers and generating different efficient frontiers

This question is bothering me for a while. We suppose a very simple and basic set up. Given are a certain amount of assets from which we want to build an portfolio in an "optimal sense". MPT gives us ...
204 views

### Executions deep in the Limit Order Book?

I have some Level III (message level) data for equities and I have found several cases in which I register the execution of a Limit Order at a price "worse" than the best bid or ask. For example, ...
129 views

### constrained portfolio optimization in matlab

I am working through this paper, http://www.nber.org/papers/w8922.pdf I want to implement the portfolio weight constraints see page 6-7. Here is the brief overview of my problem: Let ...
174 views

### What is the proper discounting of PIK and non-compounding bullet loans?

This question pertains to two types of loans. Pay-in-kind (PIK) and bullet loans with quarterly payments. 1. PIK Loans A PIK loan is a loan where periodic interest is NOT paid, but added to the ...
68 views

### How to get get weekly returns from daily data

Good day I would like to get weekly returns data from daily data , I want to use the Wednesday-to-Wednesday approach – the returns (rt) are computed from the Wednesday closing prices Pt , i.e., rt = ...
392 views

### Why do we usually model returns and not prices?

I think this is a quite similar question for most of you, however it is not completely understandable for me at the moment: Why do we usually use returns and not prices to model financial data in ...
66 views

### Time-Varying Copulas (GAUSS)

Could anyone suggest me how to begin with Time-varying Copulas or Stochastic Copulas? I'm looking for the GAUSS code, however it seems there are only MATLAB code available over the internet. I'm ...
105 views

### Simulating Stock's close, high and low prices

I am testing a model in which I need to simulate closing, high and low prices (i.e. 3 dimensions of prices) of any given stock. Using the simple Geometric Brownion Motion equation I can easily ...
12 views

### Annuity Duration Based on Closed Derivative is half of Effective Duration?

I am analyzing an annuity with a stub. I calculate the effective duration as (P(-10bps) - P(+10bps))/(2*Principal * (.001)) I then take the derivative of the standard annuity formula discounted by ...
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### Question regarding sinking fund

I am currently studying about financial mathematics for my Exam FM to become an actuary. There is one thing that really bothers me so I would like to have some answers. Whenever I solve a problem ...