# All Questions

170 views

### Creating a doubling and halving position

I want to create a position that either multiplies with $1+u$ (outcome $U$) or $1-d$ (outcome $D$). The probability of $U$ is denoted by $P(U) = \pi$. The initial value of the position is $V_0$. Given ...
248 views

### What is Heston's equation?

This paper mentions the elliptic Heston operator: $Av:= -\frac y2(v_{xx}+2\rho\sigma v_{xy} + \sigma^2v_{yy}) - (c_0 - q - \frac y2)v_x + \kappa(\theta -y)v_y + c_0v$. Then boundary value problem ...
385 views

### Using alpha to evaluate trading strategy

I have a trading strategy that generates returns $R_{t}$. I want to test the strategy by looking at the alpha: $R_t - R_{f,t} = \alpha + \beta (R_{m,t} - R_{f,t}) + e_t$ I compare my alpha against ...
506 views

### Equity option portfolio greeks with underlying

I'm curious about how to construct the five basic greeks for an equity option portfolio when there are shares of the underlying in the portfolio. For example, a portfolio of 100 call options and 100 ...
112 views

### Probability Density of Returns of Bonus Certificates

Could anyone please help me with the following? I need to generate a histogram (resp. probability density) of returns of a bonus-certificate. A bonus-certificate can be replicated by an underlying ...
365 views

### VaR for corporate bonds

I am trying to create a simple risk calculation for the portfolio (ignoring correlations for the moment). I have some corporate bonds with limited daily price changes. Any one have ideas how I can get ...
103 views

### How is a quanto priced?

How would one price a derivative denominated in EUR that pays in USD?
245 views

### Resources for performance statistics of trading systems

I'm looking for an online resource to study the usual performance statistics (CAGR, MaxDD, Payoff Ratio, Win/Loss Ratio, etc.) of trading systems, preferably trend-following systems. I know that ...
2k views

### Technology stack used in Bloomberg

I figure this perhaps the best place to ask this. What technology stack is used in Bloomberg? I'm C++ developer, and I definitely prefer C++ to C, so I don't want to touch C unless it's strictly ...
349 views

### Calculating the right portfolio(position size for each leg) in a Long/Short Strategy

For a Long/Short Strategy, I have two stocks with different volatilities. How can I calculate the right position size for each leg? *The pair trading is not coming from co-integration but more as a ...
87 views

### forward- and backward adjusting stockprices

Do you guys know if a paper has been published that discusses forward- and backward adjusted stockprices, and the look ahead bias coming from backward adjusted data?
606 views

How should one correctly forward adjust historical prices given a time series of Open, High, Low, Close, Return? Suppose that the data series is given below ('1' is the oldest interval; '5' is the ...
304 views

### Data feed API that uses REST?

Is there a data feed provider that has a REST (http) API? Preferably real-time and historical, at least for US equities.
206 views

### Alternative liquidity measures

I'm going to write the MSc thesis on flight-to-liquidity phenomenon in stock markets and I'm interested in liquidity measures other than Amihud or bid-ask spread. What are some other popular measures ...
234 views

### How to calculate probability of touching a take-profit without touching a stop-loss?

How to calculate probability of touching a take-profit without touching a stop-loss (no-dividend stock, infinite time)?
315 views

### .NET statistical packages recommendation

What open source or commercial .NET statistical package would you guys recommend? I am doing statistical arbitrage in options. The functions I need mainly are regressions, optimizations..etc. It would ...
350 views

### Order and position management in (semi-)automated trading system

A simple and lazy approach to implementing an order and position management (OPM) component in a (semi-)automated trading system: leave most OPM to counter party (broker/exchange). Even then funds ...
494 views

### Does Interactive Brokers (IB) have a Web friendly API?

The requirement I am given is to implement a web ppplication which utilizes Interactive Brokers's API to fetch data. I went through the IB API web page and came across two viable methods: TWS and IB ...
477 views

### Statistical significance of trading systems that use indicators with long lookbacks

Let's say we have a trading system that trades daily, holding for one day, but uses an indicator that looks back over the last 5 years. A simple example could be the percent change in price of an ...
337 views

### Which objective function should I choose to minimize tracking error?

Let say I have $n$ assets and their returns over $m$ periods which are represented by a matrix $X \in \mathbb{R}^{m \times n}$, and I have some other asset with return over the same period which is ...
2k views

### What is an effective way of backtesting VWAP execution?

From Optimal Trading Strategies : There are two main reasons why traders execute orders using a VWAP trading strategy. First, a VWAP strategy is the trading strategy that minimizes market ...
493 views

### Evaluating forecasting algorithm

I am trying to evaluate a forecasting algorithm for stock price prediction. However, the performance of the algorithm may be very much tied to the trading strategy. Is there a systematic way for ...
255 views

### Risk neutral probability in binomial short rate model assumed to be 0.5?

This should be a basic question but I have not been able to find a satisfying explanation. In the simplest binomial model, the risk neutral probability is computed using the up/down magnitude and the ...
618 views

### Reference request: Survey article on GPU in Finance

I would like to get and idea of how people use GPUs in finance. I can find some specific papers or books on the subject. GPUs in binomial model, finite difference, monte carlo,... But I couldn't ...
565 views

### Credit Valuation Adjustments — computation issues

I'm currently working on my Masters project related to accelerating Greeks computations for CVA on mixed interest rate portfolios. I would like to know about the status of technology for CVA and its ...
697 views

### How to calculate optimal standard deviation bands for trading?

I am trading with standard deviation bands (6 bands) on de-trended data. How can I find the most profitable signals with neural network or GA with standard deviation bands? Should I first find the ...
205 views

### Construction of “vol of vol”

How do you construct something that lets you buy "vol of vol"? not necessarily for VIX, but any particular stock or index.
609 views

### How to transform process to risk-neutral measure for Monte Carlo option pricing?

I am trying to price an option using the Monte Carlo method, and I have the price process simulations as an inputs. The underlying is a forward contract, so at all times the mean of the simulations is ...
2k views

### Are two identical time series cointegrated?

I did cointegration test on two identical time series, and the result shows that they are not cointegrated, but intuitively, I think they are. Can anyone share some thoughts on this? Thanks!
336 views

### Major FX pairs - Pentahedron Data Structure

I read an interview today with Stephane Coquillaud. He talked about this idea of formulating a data set of the G5 currencies as a pentahedron. The obvious benefit is the fact that there is more ...
171 views

### Minimum variance hedge with more than one asset

My portfolio comprises of 3 assets A,B,C that are correlated and the variance-covariance structure is known. At any given point in time, my position in Asset A say is given to me. I need to ...
1k views

### Analyzing tick data

What are some of the commonly used techniques to analyze tick data? I am looking at tick data to see how the quotes/ mid-price evolves due to certain events in the market. Since tick data is ...
432 views

### Where do swap rates and/or long-term forward rates come from?

I apologize if this is supposed to be obvious, but ... . Libor spot rates are quoted up to a year, beyond that one can use Eurodollar futures to continue to build the curve. Let's say up to 3 years. ...
136 views

### How do I model risks for specific short-term short calls in a portfolio with limited data?

I'm trying to do some risk analysis on a portfolio of bonds, currency, stocks and short calls. The short calls expire in approximately 15-30 days and I've only got around 20 days of pricing data on ...
643 views

### Modelling with negative interest rates

For a project, I am interested to model the impact of recently negative interest bonds on the portfolio. The literature on modelling negative interest rates is limited, and the only theory I could ...
55 views

### Should portfolio be optimized by marking to the future than marking to market (excluding currencies)?

Observing the negative interest bonds in Switzerland, Denmark, GErmany the value of higher presently (credit-free) outgoing cash flows seems less important than the value of lower future (credit-free) ...
491 views

### How to show that this weak scheme is a cubature scheme?

Weak schemes, such as Ninomiya-Victoir or Ninomiya-Ninomiya, are typically used for discretization of stochastic volatility models such as the Heston Model. Can anyone familiar with Cubature on ...
1k views

### Why would a 6M LIBOR rate be significantly above 3M LIBOR, ED futures and swap rates?

Just was just looking at the various interest rates and noticed this: ...
176 views

### Is inverted Japanese style curve persistent when negative rates are real / market - observed?

The time evolution of inverted curves does model / forecast a future recession and not necessarily contains the current liquidity- / credit-related aspect. The historical Japanese style inverted yield ...
658 views

### Modern problems in financial mathematics

I have a MSc degree in the area of Financial Mathematics, but I am doing research now in other field of stochastics. Could you please tell me about the most important problems of (stochastic) ...
860 views

I'm backtesting an algorithm for trading nasdaq stocks, and would like to take into account the spread. I am using historical data from yahoo, which contains: open, high, low, close, volume, adj. ...
438 views

### CARA Utility function expected utility

I have been trying to undestand how the expected utility for a CARA negative exponential Utility function is calculated. In my particular case the variable has normally distributed returns. Could ...
167 views

If a linear sum of options is constructed such that the premium payout is zero, then does it mean that resultant greeks of the cumulated options positions will be nearly zero. For simplicity, lets ...
73 views

Why does dividing daily returns by daily range eliminates fat tails and results in an (almost) gaussian distribution? And how could that distribution be exploited to enter trades?
516 views

### Detrending price data for analysis of signal returns

I'm looking to conduct hypothesis tests on some of my trading signals to see if the signal returns are statistically significant enough to falsify my null hypothesis that the signal has no predictive ...
245 views

### equity linked notes (bull/bear equity performance bonds)

I have to price what my lecturer calls "Bull and Bear Equity Performance Bonds". Basically there's dates $t_i \in [0,T]$, where $t_i - t_{i-1}$ is the same for all choice of $i$. On each date the bull ...
115 views

### Discrete-time Jump-Diffusion Model

I am wondering if anybody could point me to any literature that talks about a discrete time version of the jump-diffusion model, I am aware that there is a paper by Amin (1993) that shows a discrete ...
132 views

### In Yahoo! Finance, what determines the number of decimals for a stock/index quote?

In Yahoo! Finance, we see the following quotes among others: ...