# All Questions

262 views

### Forcing price to rise or fall by high volume buying and shorting

Is there an a name for the approach / strategy to artificially move a price either up or down by high volume buying or shorting. ie. Buying a large (say 5%) of a stock very quickly, thus ...
178 views

### Itô diffusion processes in finance with unknown distribution at a terminal value

In several papers it is argued that for many Itô diffusion processes, $$dX_t = a(t,X_t)dt+b(t,X_t)dB_t,$$ in mathematical finance the distribution of $X_T$ for fixed $T>0$ is unknown, which makes ...
169 views

### Risk-neutral models for rights issues

A rights issue is the granting by a corporation to its shareholders of a right to purchase $N$ new shares for each $M$ shares they already hold at a (often discounted) price $K$. Thus, it ...
219 views

### Which measure to determine Risk?

Say I hold an equity and I want to calculate the Value-at-Risk over some period. Would one calculate the Value-at-Risk of the equity under a risk-neutral (as in martingale) measure or under the ...
99 views

### What does it mean by “labor taxes cut is self-financed”?

I'm reading "Principle of Economics" by Mankiw. In Part III Market and Welfare, Ch 8 "Application: the costs of taxation", it says: Only 32% of a cut in U.S. labor taxes would be self-financed, the ...
1k views

### Can someone explain what “Exotics Trade Capture” capture means in layman's terms?

I am trying to find out what Exotics Trade Capture entails. I can't find anything on Google that isn't a job posting, which is where I saw this term. Say you did this for a living, how would you ...
63 views

### Problems to understand a stochastic DGL equality

currently I am reading a paper called "Portfolio optimisation under non-linear drawdown constraints in a semimartingale financial model" for self-study reasons. The paper can be found here: ...
224 views

### How to manage evaluation date changes in QuantLib while using ImpliedTermStructure Class

I will not attach the whole code 'cause it would be just a huge waste of space and it would be not useful for this question's purpose. What I am going to attach here is a snippet code and its output, ...
141 views

### Quotes and Transactions Streams from Exchange

I have possibility of taking 2 types of real time streams from some exchange: bid-ask quotes (fresh quotes from order book) transaction log (transactions matched by exchange) I'm curious what ...
48 views

### OF-B1 report - cell A1

Pretty basic question - what is the SIGN that should be used in cell A1 of the EIOPA Solvency II OF-B1 report? So should share capital be displayed with a positive or negative value? CP-13 extract: ...
149 views

### How can I introduce exogenous variables in the equation of the conditional variance?

Is it possible to introduce dummy variables or explanatory variables in the GARCH variance equation (garchset and garchfit).This is done in the mean (ARMAX) equation through the input 'Regress' in ...
761 views

### open-source implementation of orderbook from FAST?

I'm looking for c/c++ implementation of OrderBook. I need implementation to reconstruct market data from FAST. I don't need to do "matching" because it already did by exchange, I only need to ...
183 views

### Distinguish between market makers and other participants?

Are there any known quantitative techniques to distinguish between market makers and other participants? I manually MFT, have no knowledge of these specialties, and may be observing phenomena that ...
316 views

### Maximum Likelihood using a Kalman filter for two factor model

I'm trying to implement a Kalman Filter for the parameter estimation of a linear gaussian two factor model in Matlab. (Schwartz Smith model for commodity prices) In other words: I try to compute the ...
168 views

### constructing best bid/ask from NASDAQ TotalView-ITCH data

anybody know how to construct a intraday stock price from NASDAQ TotalView-ITCH data? I would need to know the price in millisecond, so I would need two rows: timestamp (for every millisecond) and ...
322 views

### Formula for the efficient portfolios (mean-variance optimisation)?

Consider the setting of mean-variance portfolio optimisation: $n$ assets with expected returns $\overline{r}_1,...,\overline{r}_n$ and standard deviations $\sigma_1,...\sigma_n$. For a certain fixed ...
148 views

### Basics about the scaling property of volatility

It is a usual practice to calculate realized volatility $\sigma$ using the square root of the usual variance estimator $\hat{{\sigma}²}$. This is done using the stock log returns (practitioners ...
158 views

### “Friendly” papers about maximum smoothness yield curve modelling

I'm currently looking to implement some version of the yield curve modeling techniques in the maximum smoothness framework. The papers I have found so far explains the theory pretty well, but I find ...
812 views

### Calculating true value of a stock given the order-book and recent trades

I'm trying to calculate the 'true value' of a stock listed on an exchange. I have access to the limit order-book (containing all bid/ask quotes) and also all trades which have taken place (which ...
11k views

### Strategy of Renaissance Technologies Medallion fund: Holy Grail or next Madoff?

Renaissance Technologies Medallion fund is one of the most successful hedge funds - ever! Yet it is very secretive. Do you have information on the strategy used that is not yet mentioned in the ...
100 views

### moody's credit ratings for senior unsecured bonds

Can 2 senior unsecured bonds from the same obligor have different moody's credit ratings? Or do they both have to have the same rating because they are in the same capital structure? Thanks
191 views

### Effective anti-gaming controls in dark pools

What are some indicators that a dark pool operator has effective anti-gaming controls in place? There are some that prohibit IOCs (immediate or cancel) but is that necessary? It seems like that could ...
95 views

### Estimating risk aversion (power or exponential utility) from options prices

I came across this literature and it seems like there are a number of ways people do this. You can do it for an option on any underlying as long as you can create the risk-neutral p.d.f. If you agree ...
216 views

### Risk Neutral Evaluation - Exchange/Spread Options

I have two assets, $S_1$ and $S_2$, which follow geometric Brownian motion processes. This implies that both $S_1$ and $S_2$ have a lognormal distribution. I'm trying to get the exchange option price ...
41 views

### Is this usage of “M” and commas for a cash flow statement correct? [closed]

I recently was confused by a cash flow chart produced by a company I invest in. Each bar represents a monthly cash flow, but the values are confusing. For example, "3,012 M" is used on the most ...
246 views

### Probability of a return from historical average and standard deviation

I have a question from a sample exam paper that I'm having some trouble figuring out. The question is: Bavarian Sausage stock has an average historical return of 16.3% and a standard deviation of ...
119 views

I am trying to download intra day stock data for some 7000 symbols using google url : ...
127 views

### Optimal Choice of exceeding time

Suppose you hold a share from company $Z$ whose vaue at time $t$ is $S_0+\sigma B_t$ where $B_t$ is Brownian Motion and $\sigma$ denotes some volatility. Now lets assume that company $Z$ may go ...
104 views

### A basic question about market jargon

What does it mean by DBR 4s of Jan4, 2037? I know the Jan4, 2037 is the maturity. How about DBR and 4s?
408 views

### Long-term vs short-term strategies \ investing

Suppose most investors have very short investing horizons and use appropriate (for them) strategies, but investor X has a very long horizon. He would like to trade some advantages (early withdrawal ...
100 views

### Accrued Interest in CVA DVA

I'm implementing the CVA/DVA for some derivatives, which follows a Hull-White model (one factor). Once I have calibrated the model and I get the results with the simulation, a quite interesting ...
523 views

### Understanding the concept of Martingale pricing

I am a bit confused about how to formulate a problem where I have to price an option on a stock. Many papers say that stock prices are best modeled using a geometric Brownian motion (GBM), and I ...
156 views

### Potential pitfalls in the use of correlation

Background: The red line is an index, which goes from 0 to 100, measuring uncertainty in the markets. The dark blue line is a price index, which has a lower bound at 0, and virtually no upper bound. ...
47 views

### Why is the discount function non increasing if pure cash holdings are feasible?

I am struggeling with the question, for example lets take a swap with rate of 3.2 for one year and 3.6 for 2 years and Discount Factor 0.96899 for the first year and 0.93158 for the second year. ...
114 views

### Can I trade the volume of a security or index?

Is it possible to trade a derivative product priced on the volume traded of some underlying security or index? Does such a derivative exist on any exchange traded markets? Or anywhere?
62 views

### US Treasury off the run trading

Between CME, Brokertec and eSpeed one can trade the vast majority of CTDs, on-the-run and treasury futures contracts electronically. How does one trade off the runs and old bonds? Is there an open/ ...
163 views

### Is price gaping the major risk that market maker has?

Suppose you are a market maker. So you put a limit price out and hope someone will cross bid/ask spread to take your limit. But there is risk that bad news could come out and market will gap. So ...
78 views

### Optimizing stochastic functions numerically

Is there an efficient and commonly used optimization method for "more complex" investment strategies. For instance, say you have a function $f(X_1,...,X_n,c,v)$ where the $X_k$'s are your random ...
108 views

### CVA DVA and Bilateral adjustment

I've already computed the CVA\DVA and now I would like to compute the bilateral adjustment. Does anyone know the relationship between the CVA\DVA with the bilateral adjustment? I mean a paper, ...
328 views

### Finding Probabilities Using The Binomial Model

I was not able to find a similar question when searching, but if I've missed one please feel free to point me to it. Unfortunately the closest example in the textbook was not terribly helpful either. ...
447 views

### What is a commonly accepted econometric model for volume?

What is the gold standard econometric model for volume? For example, a common model for price is the autoregressive (AR) model with GARCH(1,1) innovations. Do you know of any good survey articles ...
2k views

### Risk Neutral Probability

I read that an option prices is the expected value of the payout under the risk neutral probability. Intuitively why is the expectation taken with respect to risk neutral as opposed to the actual ...
1k views

### How much capital do I need to create a competitive automated trading strategy?

I'm a relatively small investor, and I'm interested in building my own fully-automated quantitative trading strategy. I also read about dark pools, and how difficult it is to get good prices on ...
10k views

### Efficiently storing real-time intraday data in an application agnostic way

What would be the best approach to handle real-time intraday data storage? For personal research I've always imported from flat files only into memory (historical EOD), so I don't have much ...
466 views

### GARCH(1,1) prediction in R - Basic Questions

Background to question: Hi, I was trying to fit a GARCH(1,1) model to the variance of log returns of a series, and ARMA(0,0) for the mean. I was using the fGarch package to do this. The aim of the ...
580 views

What are the most common ways to model intraday trading volume, particularly for futures contracts? There are obviously a number of seasonal-type factors, like roll, economic news releases, time of ...
1k views

### Why do stocks with a negative beta return less than the risk free rate?

Let's say we have two stocks, Stock A and Stock B. Both of them have the same standard deviation $\sigma$, and therefore have the same risk. The only difference is that Stock A has a perfect ...
158 views

### Gradient tree boosting — do input attributes need to be scaled?

For other algorithms (like support vector machines), it is recommended that input attributes are scaled in some way (for example put everything on a [0,1] scale). I have googled extensively and can't ...