# All Questions

148 views

### Price of Bond given credit state matrix

"Consider a credit rating system consisting of four states, A,B,and D(default) with the following annual credit transition probability: A= [ 0.7, 0.2, 0.1; 0.2, 0.5,0.3; 0,0,1] For a company rated ...
56 views

### SEC XBRL Context Dates

In SEC XBRL financial filings, why do the date ranges for duration contexts not match the context's quarter? e.g. The markup for the context "D2012Q3" may look like: ...
66 views

### Standard way to represent trend in an a-dimensional way [closed]

Let us suppose that a factory needs to know when certain products are increasing the profit. This factory produces an huge number of products each with different targets. So the factory need to ...
265 views

### Geometric Brownian motion - Volatility Interpretation (in the drift term)

A Geometric Brownian motion satisfying the SDE $dS_t = rS_t dt+\sigma S_t dW_t$ has the analytic solution $$S_t = S_0\exp\left\{\left(r-\frac{\sigma^2}{2}\right)t\right\}\exp\{\sigma W_t\}$$ Recently ...
320 views

### Backtesting with fundamentals

Recently I've read some books about quantative approach to fundamental investing: - What works on Wall Street - James O'Shaughnessy - Quantitative Value - Wesley Gray, Tobias Carlisle - Quantitative ...
41 views

### What type of interpolation should be used in key rate perturbation models?

When perturbing a key rate in order to assess sensitivity of portfolio value, what sort of interpolation is standard? A book I am looking at says linear, but this seems pretty unrealistic to me--and ...
105 views

### Direct exchange data via a Vendor

I am considering the option between using direct exchange connections vs using a vendor like Bloomberg for market data. I am interested in daily data and potentially tick by tickdata. Initially I am ...
195 views

### Definition of orthogonality and independence for a stochastic processes

Somehow I can't find the explicit definition of when two processes are supposed to be orthogonal or independent anywhere. I think orthogonality and independence should mean the same thing in this ...
30 views

### Forward Yield curve for an arbitrary company

Let say I am analyzing a company XYZ. Credit rating for this company is BB. Now I need to have the 6-month forward Yield curve for this company. Can somebody help me how to find this information from ...
386 views

### Does one use the covariance or correlation matrix in cholesky decomposition to generate correlated samples

Can we interchangeably use Cholesky decomposition of covariance and correlation matrix to generate simulations? If not, in which situations do we use one or the other and why? Thanks in advance.
129 views

### Difference between VaR and credit VaR?

Quick question: is there a difference between credit VaR and VaR or are they the same thing?
343 views

### How is the MA (moving average model) useful?

How is the MA model useful in modeling financial data, for example the stock indices? For example, from what i understand in the AR (auto-regressive) model portion, we can use the ADF test to check ...
1k views

### Valuing Total Return Swaps

In my quest for simulated data, I am trying to generate prices for Total Return Swaps by calculating the NPVs of the fixed and floating leg. My problem: Given the fixed leg, how do I set the spread on ...
171 views

### Risk neutral Esscher transform of exponential Levy processes

Let $X_t$ be a Levy Process and $e^{X_t}$ the corresponding exponential Levy process. Using the Esscher transform for a change of measure for which the Radon-Nykodym derivative is ...
160 views

### Mock/practice trading for options (delta/gamma hedging etc.)

I know there are some sites for practicing equity investing. But could you provide me with suggestions concerning options trading etc. I read Natenbergs book on Options and want to test things like ...
40 views

### CAPM as pricing formula

P - price that the asset was purchased. Q - price that it was sold P = Q/(1+r+B(R_m - r)) What is the financial meaning of denominator. Thanks for help.
82 views

### Detrending before cointegration

When checking for co-integration , is it necessary to detrend the time series? What is the best way to go about it?
197 views

### Scaling of a transition matrix

I am working on a ratings transition matrix and I wondered how people scale it down to shorter time periods (although one should more or less stick to the estimation period i know). It is clear that ...
146 views

Given that $e^{r\Delta t}(u+d)-ud-e^{2r\Delta t} = \sigma^2\Delta t$ I would like to show that $u=e^{\sigma\sqrt{\Delta t}}$ I know I must somehow use Taylor's approximation $e^x = 1 + x + ... 3answers 558 views ### Convexity of BS Equation for Call and Put I have a simple question. Is the Black-Scholes Formula convex with respect to Implied volatility parameter$\sigma$(for calls or put) ? When I say Black-Scholes I mean for a call the following one ... 0answers 45 views ### Log returns vs Relativizing to Portfolio size of$1

In a current empirical research project, I am tracking a non-parametric measure of a transaction cost. To this extent, I track this cost in two ways Cost in terms of log returns Cost in terms of ...
501 views

### Optimal lag length selection criterion in GARCH(p,q) model using MATLAB

As assessed by the title, I'm trying to estimate a GARCH(p,q) model to forecast stock market volatility and, in order to be able to do that, I've to identify the optimal number of lags, p and q, to ...
37 views

### evaluating portfolio performance without knowing the amount held on cash accounts

I would like to evaluate the performance of a portfolio mananger. I know his trades, and the initial portfolio holdings. I do not know, however the amount held on his cash account. That is, I ...
400 views

### How to incorporate fundamental analysis in quantitative trading algorithm? [closed]

I want to write a quantitative stock trading program based on fundamental analysis. It would crunch through prices, financial reports to look for value stocks. It can support backtesting of strategy ...
829 views

### What does it mean by autocorrelation coefficient near 1?

It is said that the time series has a stochastic trend if the first autocorrelation coefficient will be near 1. Q1) What does it mean by the above statement? Q2) How do we calculate the first ...
452 views

### Calculate volatility from call option price

Given call option price, what is the simplest formula to get the volatility value ? Test Data: ...
476 views

### How do I calculate probability distribution of stock prices given option prices?

I'd like to calculate a probability distribution for prices given the option prices for that stock? Any ideas how to do this? My desire is to do this daily and then see how the price PD changes over ...
6k views

### Are there any good tools for back testing options strategies?

There are all kinds of tools for backtesting linear instruments (like stocks or stock indices). It is a completely different story when it comes to option strategies. Most of the tools used are ...
178 views

### Directional View of Volatility

What is an option strategy that someone could employ to simply go long/short volatility?? Assuming I want 0 delta(0 gamma if possible) risk in my option position, how do I take a directional view on ...
33 views

### How can dividend protection be considered in the binomial model in pricing the convertible bond?

If the convertible bond has dividend-protection, how can we cater it in the binomial model? If there is dividend protection at or above 1%, can we impose input of dividend yield of 1% in the ...
4k views

### Data source for historical Share Outstanding totals for individual stocks?

Data is normally adjusted for splits/reverse splits, etc. The current shares outstanding is usually available. Is there a data repository that captures the shares outstanding for any point in the ...
92 views

### What are the equation that gives hurst exponent of value >0.7 and <0.3?

I had been working on algorithm which uses the Hurst Exponent. Once i random walk simulation on matlab, x = cumsum(randm(1000,1)), I was able to get a hurst value close to 0.5. To analyze the use of ...
61 views

### Calculating the sensitivity of the modified bond duration to changes in the coupon rate

Given that $B=Ce^{-y} + Ce^{-2y}+ (100+C)e^{-3y}$ where B is the bond price, C is the coupon. and It is a 3 years annual coupon bond. I want to find $\frac{dD}{dC}$ where $D$ is the modified ...
148 views

### Why was NASDAQ(or other index) not fluctuating in 70s and 80s?

Today I have a search of historical NASDAQ back to 70s and noticed the index was slightly increasing in 70s-early 90s and rising up and down in recent decade of years. Why would that happen? The only ...
274 views

### Places to make quant code/tools publicly avaliable

Over the years I have developed several tools - including pricing, optimization and calibration tools - most in VBA, C# and C++ I would like to make them publicly avaliable. Aside from putting up my ...
144 views

### Volatility calculation for intra-day cash-or-nothing call binary option

Firstly, I do not have a quant finance background. This is new to me, and I imagine that this is a basic question for this group. I am calculating the price of a binary/digital option with ...
196 views

### Call option on a Mutual Fund

I am trying to price a call option on a mutual fund. Given the lack of market implied data, I am going to estimate the fund´s expected volatility using as a reference its historical volatility ...
79 views

### What is a good index to track short term interest rates?

This is an FX question. I want to track short term (overnight or next best thing) rates for major/em ccys. What's the best way of doing this? Is there an index I can follow? Preferably something ...
83 views

### Volatility swaps historical data

I am preparing a study about Volatility and Variance Swaps. Does anyone know where I can found historical public data regarding this instruments? Thanks!
234 views

### Explanation or implementation of Ledoit-Wolf estimator (without math packages)

I have calculated weights of selected assets in a market-neutral portfolio (presumably with min variance) using PCA and simple data covariance matrix. The question is : It is obvious that Cov Matrix ...
196 views

### Normally Distributed Returns Become Leptokurtic Due to Compounding

I was running a bunch of simple simulations in excel the other day in excel. Using the NORM.INV(RAND(),0,1) to simulate daily stock returns I noticed that the more compounded the returns, ie, the more ...
325 views

### Is creating constrained random portfolios a hard problem?

Creating random portfolios with weights $x_i$ can be thought of as sampling from the surface of a simplex given by $$Ex = f$$ and $$Ax \le b$$ Where $E$ and $A$ are constraint matrices for equality ...
112 views

### How to perform significance test on transition matrices

Say you have in your hand a transition matrix published by Moody, and you also collected the rating information for a sample of bonds, which you use to form your own transition matrix. How can we use ...
42 views

### Characterizing relation “ has no less information than” between information systems represented by Markovian matrices

I crossposted this question on math.stackexchange. Background: Suppose that an investor's utility is both determined by the state and her action taken. A fact of life is that she can't observe the ...
99 views

### Critique against consumption-based asset pricing theory?

I find asset pricing theory very vague and full of assumptions, especially the consumption-based modern theory. In its essence, the theory states that asset prices depend on the covariance between ...
3k views

### Trading a synthetic replication of the VIX index

One cannot directly buy and sell the VIX index. Theoretically, however, one could approximate the index by purchasing an at-the-money straddle on the SP500, then delta-hedging the straddle. Does ...
191 views

### Algorithmic Trading Model Calculation and Stale Data

I'd like ask everyone a more concurrency programming but definitely quant-finance related question. How do you deal with staleness of data in market hours as quote ticks are streaming and your model ...
163 views

### Implied probability density (Question 2 - Applications and Interpretation)

Using the second derivative of the Call-Option-Price one can try to recover the pricing density. Formally: Assuming a constant interst rate $r$ and also not making any assumptions on the model ...
48 views

### Minimum PD under Basel II retail asset?

I have been told that under Basel II the minimum PD that one can assign to any portfolio/segment classified under the retail asset class is 0.33%. But Google searches return nothing and I can't seem ...
591 views

### Which greeks do you need to hedge if you want to implement an implied-volatility security?

Assume you want to create a security which replicates the implied volatility of the market, that is when $\sigma$ goes up, the value of the security $X$. The method you could use is to buy call ...

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