# All Questions

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### Will a back month leg in call calendar lose value if underlying goes down

If I buy a call calendar and underlying drops 5%, the front month short call will get further out of money and will lose value, resulting in a gain since I am short the front month option. What about ...
57 views

### Why vega increases further out in time

Why do back months options have a higher vega than front month options? If possible , kindly explain on an intuitive level without a lot of math.
74 views

### Where to obtain Eurex level 2 historical order book data from?

What are some possible sources to obtain Eurex level 2 historical order book data from? Unfortunately I have only been able to find 1 source - namely Eurex itself, which charges 2000 Euro/month for ...
334 views

### How to interpret ACF and PACF plots

I just want to check that I am interpreting the ACF and PACF plots correctly: The data corresponds to the errors generated between the actual data points and the estimates generated using an ...
5k views

### Worked examples of applying Ito's lemma

In most textbooks Ito's lemma is derived (on different levels of technicality depending on the intended audience) and then only the classic examples of Geometric Brownian motion and the Black-Scholes ...
22 views

### Using Forward Equity Returns to Value Stream of Equity Return Cash Flows

Can I value the equity leg of an equity swap using the projected forward equity returns? In other words, for a sequence of times $t_{0}<t_{1}<\ldots<t_{n}$, where $t_{0}$ begins a brand new ...
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### Why does the OTM call sometimes have a higher theta than the ATM call?

In this AAPL option chain on Mar20 call options, the OTM calls have a slightly higher theta than the ATM calls. Why is this? Is not time value(and thereby time decay) supposed to be highest for ...
229 views

### Text book or distilled guide to market making?

Are there any practical articles, blogs or books that describe common practices in market making and how to calculate and use common measures? The majority of the information I found are research ...
237 views

### correlation for portfolio of stocks

I have a portfolio of stocks and all I want to do is to make sure that I'm not trading one big position, so I would like to monitor some type of metric that gives me a rough idea of what the overall ...
108 views

### Why does expected price of OTM option not equal to BS price?

If I assume that stock returns follow normal distribution with drift = 0% and S.D. = 10%. In the long, if I keep investing in this stock for a year with the same capital every year for a consecutive ...
106 views

### Is it too important that my residuals be normal? I am Using an ARMA/GARCH model

I am trying to fit an ARMA/GARCH model to a time series. I found that the best candidate is an ARMA(1,0) + GARCH(1,1) with gaussian white noise It has coefficients with p-values near cero and the ...
230 views

### Does higher vega imply higher IV and vice versa

If an option A has higher vega than option B, does that also mean that A has a higher IV than B? I understand that by definition, a higher vega means that A's price is more sensitive to its IV than B. ...
75 views

### If an option went down in value, how much is due to theta decay and how much due to fall in IV

Let us say that there was a stock trading at 100 and the 105 call was trading at 3 $. with 1 month to go Now stock went up to 104 after 15 days, and the call dropped to 2.80$, to the call buyer's ...
47 views

### Pricing of a call option in one period binomial model

You are given a $5\%$ call option worth $\$2.66$. The strike price$k$is$\$41.00$. $S(0)=40$, $Sd=35$ (i.e the lower price of the stock at $t=1$) find $Su$ (i.e the high price of the stock at ...
20 views

### Amortizing Bond QuantLibXL

I would ask if anybody knows how to do get the NPV of an amortizing bond with QuantLibXL in the most automated way. I found some solutions but are very close to a manual calc, say, pass the vector of ...
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### Will implied volatilities rise by same amount across time and across strikes in lieu of an earnings report or a news event

It is said that implied volatility of an option rises leading up to an earnings report or a pending news event like FDA trial, a possible takeover,elections(?) etc. My question is, implied volatility ...
121 views

### Does an Interest Rate Swap has a Vega component?

I am a bit confused on how you calculate vega for Interest Rate Swap. One argument is that IR Swap is a combination of fixed rate bond and floating rate bond. Since a bond has no vega component, IR ...
84 views

### Markowitz Mean-Variance Implied Returns

What is the closed form solution for the following inverse Markowitz problem? Given a mean-variance optimized fully invested portfolio $X$, a risk aversion parameter $\lambda$ and a var-covar ...
82 views

### hedging correlated instruments

If two instruments have a significant negative correlation but the percent change in the price of the instrument moving in positive direction is always more by a fraction than the one moving in ...
85 views

### Term structure of default probabilities without market data

With the forthcoming new regulations, IFRS9, financial institutions will be required to model life time expected credit losses. Consequently, it is necessary to model the term structure of default ...
31 views

### Reducing multicollinearity in Arbitrage Pricing model

I am working on a test example where the idea is to come up with a model that predicts S&P500 returns using the 9 S&P subsectors(XLY,XLP,XLF,etc) as FACTORS.Now i know there exists ...
148 views

### How to get Black Scholes' Geometric Brownian Motion differential form form the closed form?

My instructor has mostly self contained notes, where our textbook is mostly a reference. She has it written that: S_t = S_0e^{(\mu - \frac{\sigma^2}{2})t + \sigma W_t} \iff dS_t = S_t(\mu dt + ...
48 views

### Incorrect characterization of spot rate?

Is the t in the red boxed $R(t,T)$ supposed to be the same as the S in the green boxed $R(S,T)$?
99 views

### Non-Negative Matrix Factorization - Estimating the Mean

How do you estimate the mean in a Non-Negative Matrix Factorization framework? It is obvious and well known how to estimate the covariance matrix, how ever I also need the estimated mean. I'm ...
489 views

### Copulas simply explained

I try to understand the basic idea of copulas, however I am still struggling and hope that someone can help me. I understood that in general a copula is a function which links several marginal ...
292 views

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### Variable Selection in factor models

Let's say you have a dependent variable and many independent variables. What are the preferred metrics for sorting and selecting variables based on explanatory power? Let's say you are not concerned ...
146 views

### What does the “-E” mean at the end of a CBOE options symbol?

Below is are some option quotes taken directly from the CBOE website. I am wondering what the -E, -4, -8, -A, -B, -I, -J etc..that are at the end of the options ...
37 views

### Use of Black-Scholes Model on Guaranteed Fund Investment

I am stuck with a revision question at home on Black-Scholes pricing model. The question is on a fund manager selling one unit of the fund to a customer for S(0) at time 0 and then guaranteeing at ...
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### Share price of Precision Imaging Corporation of America on March 13, 1991

Where can I find the share price of Precision Imaging Corporation of America, Inc. on March 13, 1991? I realize the company no longer exists and the shares are now worthless but I would like to know ...