# All Questions

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### Why Doesn't my Limit Order Appear in the Order Book?

I'm curious as to what makes up the Bid/Ask book. Any limit order I place seems to be disregarded. Shouldn't the limit orders I place have an impact on the Bid/Ask book and be reflected when it ...
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### Return.portfolio error from PerformanceAnalytics package

When using the PerformanceAnalytics package of R, I am getting an error from the Return.portfolio function whenever I ask it to rebalance_on any frequency. If the rebalance parameter is removed, the ...
133 views

### Measuring momentum as AR(1) process

I would like to measure the momentum in the price of a stock from the time the market opens until the time I trade each day. I want to use this momentum number in post-trade analysis (regression of ...
29 views

### What machine learning method can detect serial correlation and more? [migrated]

I have a simple problem I would like to see what advantage can certain machine learning methods provide over traditional methods. Below a simply regression that has statistical significance. X(t) = a ...
51 views

### Realized Volatility vs. Standard deviation of log returns

I am interested in calculating high frequency 5-minute intraday volatility. I am going to use the standard Realized volatility which is the square root of the sum of squared log returns. Given X is ...
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### optimal look back period for cointegration analysis on daily prices

I'm running some cointegration tests on 2 stock pairs and was wondering, generally speaking, what would be the optimal look back period to test considering I am using daily prices and the average ...
27 views

### How is the 50% chance that the Fed will increase borrowing costs on Sept. 16-17 calculated from bond futures? [duplicate]

http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-08-14/bond-market-says-chinese-yuan-won-t-stop-the-fed-from-moving Futures contracts indicate traders see a 50 percent chance the U.S. central bank ...
131 views

### Log-normal mixture models for implied volatility

My question is about a the proof that can be found in the following article by Brigo et al. https://people.kth.se/~lang/arkiv/finans/exjobb/anton/lognsmil.pdf The main definitions and formulas need ...
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### Why does increased stock borrow costs decrease a stock's forward price?

The author in this article -- http://streetwiseprofessor.com/?p=7294 -- states that an increase in stock borrowing costs decreases a stock's forward price: In the absence of manipulation, the ...
51 views

### Financial theory

Ok guys, I'm studying from Danthine and Donaldson - Intermediate Financial Theory. The book itself doesn't have a lot of worked examples, and I'm lacking the basics for understanding some concepts ...
41 views

### How can I compare two mutual funds' performance with a sparse set of data?

I want to compare the performance of two mutual funds. The only data I have is annual returns for the past 7 years. So I have 7 observations for Fund 1 and 7 observations for Fund 2. In addition, I ...
47 views

### Examples for the option model validation

When implementing a code for the new model, even if it provides sensible price, it is still a good idea to compare it against some benchmarks, even in the special case of constant volatility ...
129 views

### CNY Devaluation: Why EUR up, USD down?

The second unexpected devaluation of the Chinese currency CNY caused some turbulent market movements in currencies today. I was surprised that the EUR went to a 1-week high against the USD up by ...
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### Is it realistic to assume that the current price of a stock takes into account the probability of it going up or down in the future?

I'm currently reading the following lecture notes: http://www1.maths.leeds.ac.uk/~jitse/math2515/lecture04.pdf On the second page, under the subsection titled "The Risk-Neutral World" it points out ...
30 views

### How to evaluate minimum-variance strategies against perfect information mvp

The minimum variance portfolio should minimize the standard deviation (variance) of the portfolio at time $t+1$. The covariance matrix $\Sigma_{t+1}$ needs to be estimated in order to form the mvp. ...
31 views

### Correct form for State Space Equation for Kalman Filter for DNS

In this paper: http://www.ssc.upenn.edu/~fdiebold/papers/paper55/DRAfinal.pdf in eqns 3,5 the state eqn has the mean removed. $(z_t-\mu)=A(z_{t-1}-\mu) + \epsilon_t$ $y_t=C z_t + \delta_t$ ...
69 views

### Numerical Solution to BS PDE - Digital Option

Here is a relatively simple question about PDE's pricing. Assume that we are within the BS framework and moreover that interest rate is zero. The price $V(t,S_t)$ of the digital is known to be ...
91 views

### predict next day's close price using hmm

I am reading this paper(Stock market forecasting using hidden Markov model: a new approach) and get confused about how they predict the next day's close price. Below is what the authors say about how ...
33 views

### Determining significant difference between to return series

I want to analyse whether two return series are different. I was told to run the following regression: ...
24 views

### Calculate Forward Rate under CIP - differs from qouted rates, why?

Hello everyone out there, I am quite new here, but hope you are helping me out, nevertheless. By assuming that we have CIP I want to calculate the 3M Forward rate for EURUSD. I use the known formula ...
35 views

### Percentage of Russell 2000 stocks listed on NYSE and Nasdaq?

Is there a way to find out how many of the Russell 2000 stocks are listed on the NYSE and how many on the Nasdaq?
42 views

### where can I get the intraday data for S&P 500

I am trying to analysis the price of S&P 500 during the flash crash in 2010. Where can I get the data?
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### More cache friendly linked list or alternative with optimal append, delete, and ordered traversal for limit order book?

I am trying to implement a stock matching engine/order book in C++, and am searching for a more cache friendly architecture. Currently, my data structures are as follows: An intrusive rb-tree for the ...
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### Why AREN'T forward rates what the market expects of the spot rates?

I know that for a swap for example, the swap rate is just what adopts equilibrium for both legs by no arbitrage, on the other hand for a FRA its just the same only with one period of time. Considering ...
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I am trying to find a good database for Spatial Data. What are the examples of this kind of data? IS it always related to geography? Any Spatial data related to finance, economics and statistics? ...
41 views

### Selecting bonds to be used in Nigel-Siegel Svensson OLS Regression

I need to obtain the initial parameters that would be used in the Non-Linear Optimization that provides the Nelson-Siegel Svensson parameters for US Treasury Bonds. The Optimization appears to be very ...
33 views

### RealTime Data Update in Excel to Matlab [migrated]

I would like to know if someone has some experience in making Excel talk to Matlab in RealTime. I have data in Excel which are updated in realtime, but I want to see the same thing in Matlab. I know ...
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### Why is the spot price not used as the forward price when a forward contract is created?

If the initial value of a forward contract is zero, surely the forward price used would be the spot price at the time the contract was created? However, my notes tell me that the forward price F, at ...
33 views

### Can a large OpenInt of calls cause a stock to go down?

I read forum post from another site. Which stated... ...
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### NZX market depth data

Can someone point into the right direction for NZX market depth data specifically for individuals? I have tried many vendors but seem to be coming up with "institution-only" responses.
81 views

### Order Execution Algorithms

To execute large orders under minimum price impact or to hide a market view, trading systems sometimes utilize special order execution algorithms or order types. One example is an iceberg order, ...
51 views

### Multiplying by the Square Root of Twelve to calculate annual standard deviation

I failed to see the mathematics truism. Can someone care to elaborate.
86 views

### Forecast biasness of VIX term structure

I'm interested in the topic of VIX futures being overpriced, so I'm looking for different models to find evidence for it. Asensio 2013 uses a regression to evaluate the forecast biasness of the VIX ...
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### What is the logic behind this backtesting code in R

I am new to R and I have found this simple backtesting code and can you explain me what is happening here. ...
157 views

### Calculate turnover for portfolio

I am trying to calculate the turnover for a portfolio strategy. First I generate some random data and assign it dates: ...
18 views

### coefficient of determination of an autocorrelation

Ok this is a very quick question, the Coefficient of Determination (power(R;2)) of a simple Pearson Correlation value (r) can be interpreted as the percentage of the total variation in Y that can be ...
270 views

### Is volatility for the next day forecastable? To any extent?

In a more general way: is there 1) a methodological approach to quantify the correctness of a model that produces a probability distribution for the, say, S&P 500 index return for the next ...
48 views

### Introduction to Multiple Curve construction

Could someone please share a good starting point to learn about Multiple curves? More than exact theorems and proofs, I am mainly interested in reading about - How to build multiple curves - how to ...
17 views

### Overstating Interest Rates?

I'm fact checking my analysis, so there's only one possible answer in that I'm either right or way out in left field (wrong). A friend of mine mentioned this bitcoin lending site and I looked at it ...
24 views

### Poor investment preformance in early years impacting on final fund value

I am currently doing some work on the performance of funds across different models of the economy. I am trying to find some work that looks at the impact of poor/lower returns at the early years of ...
114 views

### Linear combination of geometric Brownian motion

Let $X_t= e^{\left(\mu-\sigma^2/2 \right)t+\sigma W_t}$ be a geometric Brownian motion with drift $\mu$ and volatility $\sigma$. I am trying to find an analytical solution to \mathbb{E}\left[ ...
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### Is there a limit to the number of Spot rates than can be calculated from Par Yields

I am just trying to calculate Spot Rates from Par yields. I find that the code below gives very similar spot rates for the data here, yet if I increase the size of the ...
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### Why does Bloomberg's HRH test the simple returns for normality?

On a Bloomberg terminal, it is possible to use the HRH (Historical Return Histogram) function on individual assets. It basically generates a histogram of the (simple) returns and overlays them with a ...
139 views

### How is implied volatility derived?

How to compute Implied Volatility Calculation? The above link shows that there multiple ways to calculate implied volatility. My question is that for most of the common data sources like Bloomberg, ...
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### Futures vs. spot for currencies - who is the leader

What is known about interrelation between the currency (say EURUSD) spot prices vs. futures on the the same currencies (traded at Chicago CME) ? I mean what is typical situation - the main price ...
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### Calculating 6-minute, 20-minute, 45-minute, and 3-hour volatility

I am looking to measure the volatility from the open of the market until a trade takes place and use that volatility in post-trade regressions to help explain transaction costs. A simple regression ...
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### Understanding how to calculate Accrued Interest of Bonds

When calculating the accrued Interest of Treasury Bonds, how does one set the settlement date? And, is it possible for certain bonds that there are no coupon payments before the settlement date and ...
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### Calculating Accrued Interest of Bonds

I am trying to calculate the accrued interest for a set of Treasury Bonds. I am comparing the answer from the code below with that for the 1st Bond(row) over here. In the link the AI is ...