# All Questions

593 views

### FIGARCH estimation in R

I am trying to estimate a FIGARCH(1,1) model in R for Value-at-Risk purposes. As I understand it, the rugarch package does not support FIGARCH or FIEGARCH. To that end, I used the garchOxFit function ...
138 views

### How to price an option with two volatilities?

Imagine you have two volatilities, the second which is "activated" when the stock crosses a barrier called $p_b$. The present price is $p_1$. ($p_b>p_1$). This can be used to price options after a ...
287 views

### Definition of risk factors for market risk scenario testing

I am doing a research for stress testing in market risk. The usual process I found out for scenario testing is: Define risk factors upon the portfolio Define the desired scenarios Vary the risk ...
610 views

### Calculating most profitable arbitrage orders on multiple market with fixed and variable fees

If I have multiple markets (let's say 5, but the solution should be generic) trading the same stock/commodity/whatever, and the markets differ in both variable fees (which are in % of the trade order) ...
154 views

### Black-Scholes PDE to heat equation, nonconstant coefficients

Can someone provide me with details or a reference on how to transform the Black-Scholes PDE with nonconstant coefficients (i.e. $r=r\left(S,t\right)$, $\sigma=\sigma\left(S,t\right)$) to the heat ...
74 views

### Standard Assumption Terminology

Regulators are starting to analyse (or at least they are talking about it) model assumptions. We all know that too often our assumptions are just in the model documentation. Furthermore, we have no ...
62 views

### Discount of Asian vs European vols

I understand the discount for Asian vs. European vol depends on time to expiry and length of averaging period. This makes sense intuitively; a short averaging period far away blurs into a single ...
93 views

### Optimal mortgage rate strategy

When buying a mortgage, you can choose to "lock in" a rate at any point within 60 days of your closing date. Once locked in, you can't revert. This makes it a secretary problem - in the traditional ...
138 views

### Is it random walk?

I would like to ask a question about random walk. Campbell, Lo & Mackinlay defined the random walk, in the following way (RW3): $$cov[f(r_{t}),g(r_{t+k})]=0,\qquad k\neq0$$ for all $f(\cdot)$ ...
92 views

### Overnight Index Swaps

Just a very quick general question regarding the OIS market. Is it common place on termsheets to state a PV Notional and additionally a FV notional, if so what is the purpose of this and does market ...
240 views

### Quant/Stat Factor Performance Website/Distribution?

Does anyone know of a decent quant/stat factor website, distribution(public or private) or publication that tracks performance of "many" of traditional quant/stat factors? By that I mean would show ...
431 views

### How to determine ratios for mean-reverting basket

Suppose I have a basket of 3 securities A, B, and C. I believe that the basket is cointegrated and I want to create a mean-reverting trade. I fit the model: ...
150 views

### RQuantLib: any difference between FixedRateBond() and FixedRateBondPriceByYield() with flat term structure?

Please, consider the following functions from RQuantLib package: FixedRateBond() ...
212 views

### How replicate data using PCA

I have a set of date covering petrol prices. My example has two columns where each row represents a sequential date. ...
212 views

### PCA Variances and Principal Portfolio Variances

In Meucci's paper called "Managing Diversification" he mentions that: "Indeed, the eigenvalues A correspond to the variances of these uncorrelated portfolios" I tried to replicate it but found they ...
187 views

### Fitting a non linear AR + GARCH(1,1)-M model

I want to fit the following model to a time series: $$y_{t}=\alpha_{0}+\alpha_{1}y_{t-1}+\alpha_{2}y_{t-1}^{2}+\lambda h_{t}+\varepsilon_{t}$$  ...
54 views

### Credit spreads vs default events dependence

Reading this note it strikes me that credit spreads and defaults seem not to be commonly modeled jointly (e.g. more or less directly in structural models), but at best with some kind of "ex post" ...
213 views

### how to represent financial data as a spatial process

Does any one have a good tutorial , introduction or overview on the web for different ways of representing financial data as a spatial process? Such as those spatial processes often used in ...
167 views

### is there a mapping from Altman Z-score for private companies to bond ratings or probability of default?

On wikipedia, there is a formula to calculate the Altman Z-score for private companies: Z-score estimated for private firms: T1 = (Current Assets − Current Liabilities) / Total Assets T2 = Retained ...
97 views

I was looking at this video today: http://www.cmegroup.com/education/interactive/webinars-archived/implied-price-functionality.html on implied pricing. And am aware that implied orders/pricing ...
282 views

### Monty Hall Model

Given a fixed time period,say 3 days, the stock/market can go up,down or stay sideways. A hedge fund can long, short or use rangebound(options strategy) to bet for that 3 days closing level. Hedge ...
95 views

### Estimating two normal random numbers with one equation

Subtitle: Estimating the correlation of the shocks driving two commodities in two multi-factor models I am fitting two 2-factor models to electricity and gas futures, respectively. In order to ...
286 views

### How does one estimate theta in the Ho-Lee model from a yield curve?

I have a yield curve constructed using linear interpolation with data points every 3-months for US treasuries. I would like to use that calibrate a Ho-Lee model, but I can't wrap my head around how ...
188 views

322 views

### Real time stock volatility

Is there any need for real time weighted volatility on a tick by tick basis for equities? If you had that access to that, what could you do with it?
318 views

### Is there a standard method of scaling alpha forecasts to t-cost estimates?

Given a set of monthly alpha forecasts (i.e. standardized z-scores from a multi-factor return model) and a non-linear market impact model (or more specifically, its piecewise-linear approximation), is ...
170 views

### How companies choose earnings release dates, & effect on Implied Volatility

A company's earnings release date significantly affects weekly or monthly option prices/implied volatility. For companies that typically release earnings on the cusp of monthly options expiration, ...
118 views

### Are there canonical test cases for testing of pricing engines

Short intro: We are developing pricing engines for the calculation of market risk in a Solvency II solution, including bonds, callable bonds, cds, options, futures and so on. Are there any canonical ...
124 views

### What is the relation between return volatility and return rank volatility, and how can I control the latter?

I have no experience in finance, but I've been playing around with a virtual portfolio. I'm trying to control the "rank volatility" distribution - that is, the volatility of a stock's daily rank in ...
320 views

### How to balance two Forex crosses correctly to do a linear regression?

I have two cross and an account in EUR: EUR/USD GBP/USD I would like to do a balanced linear regression using R. With "balanced" I mean that I would like to normalize it by calculating the ...
161 views

### Benefits of Diversification and Rebalancing with negatively skewed leptokurtic return distribution?

I am missing tools to investigate this issue. I am trying to solve this question here. What kind of issues should you acknowledge over the naive diversification/rebalancing with normal distribution? ...
187 views

### What is the longest number of consecutive days that options implied volatility has stayed “extremely high” for any particular underlying?

Curious as to whether or not there is any sort of all time record. Any index, future, or stock will do. Volatility must be well above the average 1 year volatility for all periods.
75 views

### How do I artificially generate intraday ticks data from a given input (Open,High,Low,Close,Volume) using Brownian Bridge method?

How do I artificially generate intraday ticks data from a given input (Open,High,Low,Close,Volume) using Brownian Bridge method? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownian_bridge P.S: Brownian Bridge ...
42 views

### how to apply a simple copula model

I'm playing around with copulas and wanted to generate some sample based on copula techniques in R. For this purpose I applied the following algorithm: Generate three sample vectors coming from ...
71 views

### How to exploit calendar arbitrage?

Say we are looking at European Call options in a toy environment with zero deterministic intereset rates, a stock paying no dividends, no repo rates etc. Let C(T,K) be the price of a call with expiry ...
49 views

### Inflation/Rates Correlation

I've been looking into a short piece of maths a colleague has written on pricing inflation with payment delays, and was hoping someone could confirm whether my understanding is correct, or if my ...
50 views

### seasonality and generalized additive model

I am reading a report which talks about seasonality. There is a chart showing the average returns for each month of the year. In the chart it appears the last 3 months of the year tend to be negative. ...
98 views

### Law of a geometric brownian motion first hitting time (formula dont match Monte Carlo Simulation)

I posted this question before on MSE I need to use it in a small step in the middle of a simulation and I think I'm not getting correct results to this probabilities and so for my all ...
80 views

### negative transition probabilities in the heston model

I've been trying to implement a bivariate tree for pricing american options with the heston model in R using the paper of Beliaeva and Nawalkha ...
60 views

### Testing Statistical Significance of Various Portfolio Simulations

I'm trying to determine which of my portfolio simulations/backtests if any are good enough to put some money into. I outline an approach below and I'm interested in knowing: What problems are there ...
69 views

### Game theory and antagonistic games in trading

In one of the topic here, particularly in the comments, i saw a link to the page describing connection between Antagonistic Games and finances but i cannot find it now and would appreciate if somebody ...
102 views

### Scale of Market Quakes Computation

I would like to reproduce the results in the paper "The scale of market quakes", from T. Bisig, But I am getting stuck at the computation of the Fourier Coefficients in equation (4). They are defined ...
63 views

### Beta distribution - Holding period

Let's say I have a risk factor that is defined between [0,1], such as recovery rates. Assuming I have daily data, I can estimate the "daily VaR", i.e. the tails over 1 day period, since the data is ...
30 views

### How can I break down the change in value for an inflation-linked bond

I am trying to decompose the change in value of an inflation-linked bond into two constituent parts: 1) That due to changing nominal rates on the issuer's non-linked bonds 2) That due to changing ...