# All Questions

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### Estimate Beta of CAPM from Implied Volatility?

In the CAPM theory Beta of asset $i$ are estimated in this way: $\beta_i = \frac{\sigma_{im}}{\sigma^2_m}$ where $\sigma_{im} = \rho_{im} \sigma_i \sigma_m$ But all these data are historical data. ...
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### Impulse response function interpretation

I would need a quick help with Impulse response function interpretation which I have done after Vector autoregression model in stata. I need to understand how to interpret IRF graph or table values ...
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### Do FRN's *always* trade on par on reset days, regardless if the issuer's credit quality has changed?

I keep reading that floating rate notes trade on par on coupon reset days. Is this always true, regardless of changes in the issuer's credit quality since the FRN was issued? It seems probably ...
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### simple game - fair value

Suppose a person A has the following game: there are 2 red balls, 2 green balls and 1 white ball in a bag you take 1 ball (don't put it again in the bag) and then a second ball if you take the white ...
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### What is the yield when a floating-rate note is issued above/below par?

I am new in this area so all help is much appreciated! Let's say a 3-year floating rate note pays a coupon of LIBOR+100 bps, and is issued at a premium with price = 100.5. I understand that this ...
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### pricing with implied volatility surface

I am a newbee in Quantive finance. supposing I calibrate a smoothing implied volatility surface with cubic spline now. A minute later I want to price K=100,t=1 option, can I just find the point on ...
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### volatility skew for lognormal model is flat?

Does anyone know why the volatility skew for lognormal model, such as BK, should be a flat line, meaning that implied black volatility for options will be same for those with different strike prices? ...
156 views

### Black-Scholes PDE: what is the form of the boundary conditions

I'm working on the Black-Scholes equation, but I'm pretty new to financial modeling. Right now, I am trying to understand the Black-Scholes PDE. I understand that the Black-Scholes equation is given ...
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### Why financial instistution for instance banks lowered down their interest rate during QE?

When QE is carried out, the Federal Reserve prints money and buy government bonds in an effort to pour extra money into the economy. This causes financial institutions for instance banks to lowered ...
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Suppose I have a bond with unknown bid-ask spread, and a portfolio, containing it and also other bonds, all with known bid-ask spreads. How can the unknown spread be inferred? I assume there should ...
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### Why Central Bank carry out Qe when they can directly force banks to lower down the interest rate?

To boost the economy, the central bank can do it either by lowering down the interest rate nor carry out QE. But QE objective is to lowered the interest rate also so banks can give out more loan. This ...
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### How to estimate the price of a European call when the underlying is not tradable?

Assume you have a vanilla call on an underlying $S$ with strike price $K$ and expiry at time $T$. Let's say that $S$ follows a GBM with volatility $\sigma$. In general, one would use the Black-...
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### Fourier transform covariance estimator

I am estimating realized variance and covariance by the estimator described in this paper, and relying on Fourier Transform. Now, as my data is one day of data in ultra high frequency, so that the ...
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### Liquidity effect in case MS decrease

What is the result if the liquidity effect is grater than other effects in case of decreased money supply? I got this question on the exam, In case of an increase in the money supply by the central ...
101 views

### FIX latency and clock syncronization

We are trying to see latency from our server to different LPs . For that we are checking sendingtime value (from them) and current clock in our server. What we saw is difference of +-20ms between ...
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### MSRV estimation in R

What are the R packages that let you estimate Multi Scale Realized Volatility (MSRV)? So far I've only found highfrequency (which comes with Realized Kernel as well), but from what I understand it ...
113 views

### Anomaly or feature from Quantmod in R regarding getFX - currency data

I am using R to analyse stock data, using the quantmod package to get all sorts of data, but here specifically FX data using the function ...
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### CDS Premium table Interploation for the Arrear case

If CDS spreads are given for say year end 1,2,3,4,5 .That means these premium payments are made in arrears. In that case we need to apply interpolation tools. But for which particular points do we ...
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### Constructing Dedicated Risk Premia Strategies

I am trying to figure out the "best" way to construct investment strategies which are focused on capturing specific risk premia individually. From my understanding the traditional approach to capture ...
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### Result linked to Black-Scholes evaluation

Why does this $$Se^{-D(T-t)}e^{-d_1^2/2} - Ee^{-r(T-t)}e^{-d_2^2/2}$$ equal to $0$? (Where $E$ is a strike)
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### How many PHD level quant are there in US market? [closed]

How many PHD (economics+finance) level quants are work here in US market?
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### What does martingale look like?

I'm doing a simulation of a CRR model and I'm trying to find parameters in order for the successive $S_t$s (stock prices) to be martingale. I'm assuming that if I'd create a function (and picked the ...
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### Proper way to calculate the realized indiviual stock sharpe ratio

From the textbook, sharpe ratio is (return-riskfree rate)/risk However I wonder if I can use (return-index return)/risk, where the index acts as the benchmark, to calculate the sharpe ratio? I am ...
71 views

### How would I exploit arbitrage if risk-neutral pricing doesn't hold? (Option Pricing)

We are just learning about binomial option pricing, and how the up-factor and the down-factor must match the risk-neutral price. p * u + (1 - p) * d = continuous risk free rate compounded CRR ...
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### Computing Pooled IRR from the IRRs of parts

Suppose I have two cash flows: CF1: -10001001001100 CF2: -20020301 I can compute now: IRR(CF1) = 10% IRR(CF2) =-55% IRR(CF1+CF2) = 4.46% Is there a way to compute (or at least get a fair ...
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### How to price an option allowing to change a call into a put?

A recruiter asked me this question: Suppose you have the following contract: a call option with maturity T = 2 years the possibility to change this call into a put at t = 1 year What is the price ...
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### Price of call (calibration)

I need to understand how we got this : $\forall i \in I$ $C^{*}_{0}(T_i,K_i)=e^{-rT_i}E[(S_{T_{i}}-K_i)^+|S_0]=e^{-rT_i+X_{T_{i}}}E[(S_{T_{i}}-K_i)^+]$ at How we pass from conditional expecation to ...