# All Questions

477 views

### Question about Merton model to estimate default probability and recovery rate of the company

I recently come across Merton's model to estimate the default probability and recovery rate of the company. Here is the inputs ...
203 views

### Why use leverage when it does not improve the risk/reward ratio? [closed]

Leverage will increase gains when things go right but will also increase losses when things go wrong. Mathematically speaking, it does not change the risk/reward ratio (or does it?). Since ...
109 views

### Is it better to hedge or reduce the position size? [closed]

Traders hedge to reduce their risk. However, wouldn't reducing the position achieve the same results while keeping the risk management process simpler? At least, one need not worry about making the ...
75 views

### Can you hedge a derivative with a CASH|spot product or does it have to be another derivative instrument

Consider you have a SWAP (any kind) to hedge this SWAP, you will most likely use another Derivative,but can you use a cash|spot product to hedge this. Like Cash Equity or FX Spot
99 views

### Applications of distance correlation

This question mentions distance correlation. Where has this concept been applied to financial data and provided new insight? Do you know any examples or references?
65 views

### how to extract moments of GB from moment generating function?

I'm searching for the moments of geometric brownian motion using the gmm optimization program. the aim is to make the process y(t) of returns follows a normal distribution Are there any packages in ...
118 views

### Integration of stochastic total derivative

Super basic question. I think I am doing this correctly, but just want a sanity check. Say I have a stochastic process $r(t)$. Say I have an equation $$d(e^{\beta (t-s)}r(s))=\dots$$ where the ...
107 views

### Does it make sense to apply complicated mathematics to calculate with precision when the margin of error is +/-10%? [closed]

This is more of a philosophical question than general question. Quantitative finance applies highly complicated mathematics and has attracted very smart people to this field lately given the high pay ...
353 views

### backtesting with open, close, high and low

I am quite notice at the business of backtesting for an automated strategy. I was wondering, can I/should I use High and Low for this purpose? On one hand, the algorithm will see these prices, but on ...
328 views

### Pricing Fixed-To-Floater bond in QuantLib

Wandering through QuantLib's Financial instruments documentation, I noticed no class for fixed-to-floater bonds exist. Then I was wondering what a suitable way to price such an instrument would be ...
250 views

### Question about the rationale of applying certain recovery rate by ISDA

According to ISDA standard (also here), the recovery rate for senior unsecured is 40%, that of subordinate is 20%, and emerging markets is 25% (both senior and subordinate). I wonder the rationale of ...
153 views

### interest rate in cost of carry

What interest rates are used in practice in a stock index / futures arbitrage? I've seen cases, when the assumed rate is 3 months LIBOR, but does it mean, that everyone who does the arbitrage can ...
201 views

### adjusted close prices on SP500

When I look at the adjusted close prices of SP500, for example, I notice that the numbers are always significantly below the actual closing. In the explanation of what adjusted prices are, one gets ...
342 views

### How does the 2-factor Hull White model propagate the forward rates curve?

I've been trying to get a grasp on some of the basics of interest rate modeling, and am looking to simulate rates using the 2 factor Hull White model, which I am aware offers a more realistic model of ...
328 views

### Practical Usage of Wavelets with Real Time Data

There are a lot of papers out there which make attempts to forecast or discuss the benefits of wavelets for frequency decomposition. Oddly, very few discuss the huge boundary effects that are present ...
196 views

### Can option prices be characterised by an ODE?

If a stock price, $S(t)$, is governed by a geometric brownian motion. Is it possible to characterise the value of an option $V(S,t)$ as an ODE rather than a PDE (given $S$ is itself a function of ...
259 views

### Concave volatility smile

Under what circumstances can implied volatility smile be concave (ATM implied volatility higher than OTM put and call)? I know that a slight concavity is not prohibited by no-arbitrage... What are ...
171 views

### Extreme Value Theory possible for portfolios with options?

Say you have a portfolio with long exposure to a few linear assets (stock indices) and short exposure to a nonlinear asset (say call options on one of the linear assets). I am interested in ...
413 views

### Examples of Spectral Risk Measures

Let's take the usual definition of a spectral risk measure. If we look at the integral we see that spectral risk measures have the property that the risk measure of a random variable $X$ can be ...
352 views

### How to derive zero-coupon rates from IRS?

How can I calculate zero-coupon rates from historical IR swap rates? I have a record of IRS for the past 4000 days and I am want to compute the zero coupon rates based on them.
314 views

In his paper Budgeting and Monitoring the Risk of Defined Benefit Pension Funds, Bill Sharpe writes: [...] the sum of the weighted marginal risks of the portfolio components will equal twice the ...
158 views

### Forecasting Equity returns using state-space models

I have data for 3 yrs of 5 min prices of various equities. I can construct a linear regression model and try to see the in-sample model performance. But I was wondering whether fitting a state-space ...
392 views

### What Forex Services support the ForexConnect API?

I need API access to get ForEx tickers and order books for currency pairs. From what I can tell there is a .Net API called ForexConnect which I can use to get this data. Now where can I get this data ...
110 views

### Asynchronous Data Across Time Zones - RiskMetrics

I'm currently involved with a project to integrate RiskMetrics into our business and one issue we've identified is the treatment of market data timing across time zones. This can have the effect of ...
78 views

66 views

### Survey of market making strategies and research [duplicate]

I am undergoing a focused study of market making theory. So far, I've encountered the following papers: Market Making and Mean Reversion Adapting to a Market Shock: Optimal Sequential Market-Making ...
397 views

### How to simulate stock prices with stochastic time change subordinated arithmetic Brownian Motion?

the idea is to simulate price returns thus to be normally distributed i 'am trying to use subordinated arithmetic brownian motion subordinated to time activity (volume) stock prices are following GBM ...
155 views

### What is the correct Stutzer index and Sharpe ratio relation, assuming a normal returns distribution?

Assuming the returns distribution is normal, then there is a relation between Stutzer index and Sharpe ratio. However, I found in the following paper 2 different equation: Paper I (page 10-11)‎ ...
274 views

### Why is the Put-Call Symmetry model dependent?

The put-call symmetry states that C(S,t;X,r,q) = P(X,t;S,q,r), and that this works for American options. According to my notes, this is 'model dependent' because it ...
338 views

### Trader's identity in a limit book

In a limit book like NASDAQ ITCH, can liquidity suppliers know the demand-side identity of a trader prior or after a trade? Knowing this will help me with my theoretical model that I am trying to ...
104 views

### Calculating spot level using tick data

What is a proper (or commonly used/accepted) way of calculating some spot value with tick data? At the moment I can think of two options: Take the latest available best bid, latest available best ...
216 views

### Delta in Covered Calls?

Just want to check whether i understand it correctly: Long Calls have positive delta Long Puts have negative Delta Long stock has 0.01 delta 100 Shares have 1 delta Therefore: Covered Call = 1 ...
138 views

### Market Standard Pricing Models for Fixed Income Securities (Vanilla)

To clarify my heading, I have been searching for a material that consolidates all standard Fixed Income Security Pricing. E.g. ...
354 views

### Setting up Schedule for an amortizing floater in QuantLib

I am unsure as to the exact arguments required for the Schedule function for an amortizing floater - my code is listed below. Specifically, my question pertains to whether the schedule should always ...
417 views

### Differential equation for log-returns

I have a question that might be trivial to most of you, but somehow I'm not able to solve it by myself. I have a disagreement with my colleague on the distributional properties of a Geometric Brownian ...
301 views

### Is there a contradiciton between option prices being martingales and the use of options for speculation?

It seems like there is a contradiction between the fact the option pricing is risk-neutral and the large amount of option trading that is done for speculation. Since the option is risk-neutral, a ...