# All Questions

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### What is the intuition of a spread portfolio and how exactly is it constructed?

In a lot of papers spread portfolios are constructed, like in Harvey and Siddique (1999), Table IV, or in Fama and French (2005 from SSRN), page 15. First, why is it important to construct such ...
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### Choosing an exchange rate in a macroeconomic panel data set

I am constructing an investor sentiment index to determine the impact of investor sentiment on stock market crises. I am following the methodology in this paper, http://121.192.176.75/repec/upload/...
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### How do I calculate the probability of a short option position expiring worthless?

I want to be able to determine the probability of a short option position (call or put) expiring worthless. Don't know where to start but I see probabilities derived from the greeks on some web sites?...
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### What is the distribution of Brownian Bridge over a given time interval?

I know from Karatzas & Shreve (1991) that a Brownian Bridge $B(t)$ from $a$ to $b$ on time interval $[0,T]$ satisfies: $$B(t)=a(1-t/T) + b*t/T + [W(t) - W(T)*t/T]$$ where $W(t)$ is a standard ...
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### Valuation growth rate for perpetuity

What would be reasonable rates of return for the computation of perpetuity in firm valuation? I tend to google FMI's expected World GDP growth rate, but I can't always find results. Would someone ...
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### demonstrate that a Square-root process is Non-central Chi-squared distributed

how can i prove that the value at some future time $t'$, $x_{t'}$, of the Square-root process at current time $t$, $x_t$, is Chi-squared distributed? $dx_t = k(\theta - x_t)dt + \beta \sqrt{x_t}dz_t$ ...
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### How to measure practically the performance of Venture Capital backed tech firms following an IPO?

I am currently writing a thesis about whether the fact that a tech firm backed by venture capital companies achieves higher returns following an IPO (Horizon of 3 years). I have about 800 tech ...
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### How to rightfully balance the share of the organization between departments after variable changes?

This is an abstracted version of the problem I'm facing and I have to tell you first, my question might not be precise and or even correct, so I hope you understand and in that case can improve the ...
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### The difference between the binomial model and monte carlo simulation

In my project I have focused on the least squares method by Longstaff and Schwartz to find the lower bound of the American put option. I also focused on the dual method to find the upper bound of the ...
229 views

### Volatility Smile Approximation

Does anyone know what type of model is used to model the skew and IVs inside Thinkorswim platform for its volatility smile approximation? I am trying to replicate but do not know where to start. Any ...
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### Derivation of the tangency / maximum Sharpe ratio portfolio in Markowitz Portfolio Theory? (2 risky assets)

I’m looking for a nice & detailed explanation for how to derive the formula for the weight of asset 1 in the tangency / maximum Sharpe ratio portfolio in Markowitz portfolio theory in a world with ...
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### Vasicek yield curve

Term structure is determined by a two-factor affine model (Vasicek). Using the monthly swap market data, we fit the model to match exactly the one-year and ten-year points along the swap curve ...
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### Anyone know how to build worldquant alpha 101 using pyalgotrade?

Anyone know how to build worldquant alpha 101 using pyalgotrade? Could someone give me the sample code? Or how could I start this project? Or there is another tool can simulate the worldquant alpha ...
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### How should I understand expiration dates?

The following is an excerpt from Introduction to the Mathematics of Finance by Roman: Expiration Dates The last trading day of an option is the third Friday of the expiration month and the ...
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### Model reference price of Limit order book

first of all, the description of this Stackexchange forum says its for professionals or academics. I'm doing a lot of self studying and with that I was able to understand some white papers but still I'...
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### Can I deduce a portfolio is inefficient by compare is Sharpe ratio to the on the one the tangent portfolio?

If I have a portfolio with a Sharpe ratio lower than the Sharpe ratio of the tangent portfolio, can I conclude something about whether or not it is efficient? If so, how/why?
227 views

### Brexit implied probability

It is possible to bet on the Brexit e.g. on this page: https://sports.ladbrokes.com/en-gb/betting/politics/british/eu-referendum/uk-european-referendum/220800266/ The quotes are 8/15 for remain, and ...
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### logarithm and absolut value in returns of stocks [closed]

Well, i'm interested in model a GARCH for a serie. The original serie is $y_t$ (price index of a Stock Market), which has a unit root. So i create the returns: $x_t = ln(y_t) - ln(y_{t-1})$. Now, i'm ...
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### Quantlib FuturesRateHelper triggers not a valid IMM date error

I'm beginning to use QuantLib with Python SWIG, and trying to build a EUR yield curve. I face this error which frankly I don't understand; I looked at the code of bool IMM::isIMMdate in imm.cpp and ...
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### Mean Crossing for Ornstein-Uhlenbeck

Suppose we have classic Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. How can we calculate expected number (and variance too) of crossing mean value over the certain period of time? Say, if we have discrete OU process ...
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### Roll convention applied to weekend swap maturity date

Suppose a swap is booked with maturity on June 19, 2016 (which is a Sunday). Accruals are adjusted according to the modified following roll convention and follow U.S. holidays. For the last cashflow ...
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### How to download all 10-K reports for all companies listed on S&P 500?

I am doing a regression analysis of all companies listed on s&p 500. It requires their 10-k reports. Where can I download all of them once?
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### Programming language to compliment Finance degree [closed]

I've read a few questions regarding this, but want some new (more recent) opinions. I'm in the process of pursuing a degree in Finance, complimented with some Math and a sprinkle of Computer Systems. ...
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### Outlier removal, issue with TSO function

I'm trying to detect outliers within a financial time series which represents the ratio of cash distributions to equity holders as a percentage operating earnings for the period. Visual inspection ...
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### What concepts are the most dangerous ones in quantitative finance work?

There are a few things that form the common canon of education in (quantitative) finance, yet everybody knows they are not exactly true, useful, well-behaved, or empirically supported. So here is the ...
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### What is the most stable, non-trivial dependence structure in finance?

The highest rated answer to the question on What concepts are the most dangerous ones in quantitative finance work? is this one: Correlation Correlations are notoriously unstable in ...
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### Where can be found the tick size list for stocks traded in NASDAQ and NYSE?

Answering this question is relevant to assess the quality of a time series in order to observe whether the data vendor applies some rounding to the data or is more decimal are present than the actual ...
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### Distribution of hitting time of the integrated CIR process

If an increasing process $X_t$ has a known Laplace transform $\mathbb{E} e^{-s X_t} = m_t(s)$, define its hitting time $\tau$ to some level $B$ to be $$\tau = \inf\{ u > 0 : X_u \geq B \}.$$ Can ...
12k views

### Usage of NoSQL storage in Finance

I am wondering if anyone has used NoSQL (mongodb, cassandra, etc.) to store and analyze data. I tried searching the web but was not able to see if the financial firms had gotten in to using nosql ...
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### Implied Expected Stock Return from European Option Prices

We can calculate the expected stock return (under the measure $Q$) from at-the-money ($K=S_t$) option prices as: $$E\left(\frac{S_T-S_t}{S_t}\right)=\frac{e^{rT}}{S_t}(C_t-P_t)$$ The result is ...
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### NOK NOWA overnight day count

The NOK overnight index NOWA is defined as: Reported interest rates shall be calculated as nominal annual rates for the actual number of days in the year ahead (365 or 366). (The percentage ...
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### Validity of CAPM

I came across some literature regarding "Framing Theory" or "Prospect Theory", and the validity of CAPM. I was wondering if you could shed some light on a few questions I have in this regard: ...
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### Kalman vs simple OLS

I am studying how some local and global variables (x and alpha) affects a local variable y have the following regression $y_{it} = \sum_{j} \beta_{ij} x_{itj}+\sum_j \delta_{ij}\alpha_{jt}+\epsilon$ ...
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### How to create a synthetic put?

I have been reading into Hull's section on portfolio insurance through synthetic puts. My understanding is that in order to replicate a put we should replicate it's delta. Proceeding, Hull states ...
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### Comparing a money-weighted return of my own portfolio with a benchmark ETF/other portfolio that is subject to the same cashflows

I am able to calculate the money-weighted return (XIRR equivalent in Excel) of my portfolio. Whilst I can compare this with ‘headline’ returns of ETF’s, Mutual Funds etc, I want to isolate the timing ...
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### Is there any thing out there as a substitute for KDB?

thanks a lot for your discussions on the original post. following your suggestions, let me re-phrase a bit : kdb is known for its efficiency, and such efficiency comes at a terrible price. However, ...
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### Robust way to calculate P&L for stocks/futures trading

I have implemented a class in C# that will calculate P&L based on this description from TT. However it worries me that it gives different results for the same fills, if you apply the "fill ...
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### compute volatility and greeks of american option on futures using matlab toolbox

I have learned some knowledges on option pricing by myself at a very beginer's level. I'm using matlab R2009b finacial derivative toolbox, I found option pricing functions for american options on ...
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### Fama-French three-factor model vs four-factor (Carhart) and five-factor model

I'm performing a study where I compare the Fama-French three factor model to the CAPM on the Swedish industrials industry. I do this to compare which of the models is the best performer, but also if ...
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### Wrong discount factors when finding Nelson Siegel Svensson model parameters

I am trying to determine the parameters for the Nelson Siegel Svensson model and am solving a Non- Linear Optimization problem to do this. Some of the code I have written is below and this is where my ...
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### Weights Blowing up in PCA

I'm using daily settlement data to get yield levels for a couple of products. From this data I am doing PCA on a rolling collection of the yield levels. I have been using sci-kit learn's PCA function, ...
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I apologize if this is way too basic a question, but I'm an absolute beginner to trading and am in the process of learning the fundamentals. Currently I'm trying to model a (10-day) SMA backtest in ...