# All Questions

44 views

### Industry factors without GICS

I'm working through the Quantitative Equity Portfolio Management book by Chincarini and Kim. I'd like to build a basic industry-based fundamental factor model. As this is a pet project for ...
250 views

### portfolio optimization with a loop

I am attempting to minimize the variance of a 3 stock portfolio using optimization within a loop. What I have done is calculated the stock returns and cov matrix from dates 1980-01-01 to 1989-12-31 ...
132 views

### Option vs Equity market-making strategies? [closed]

I need to implement a few "strategies" for a university project I am doing. The emphasis of the project is not on the strategies, but the technical (programming) means by which they are implemented. ...
80 views

### Holt Winters Double Exponential Smoothing [closed]

I am looking out for Holt Winters Double Exponential Smoothing implementation using VBA Code. I have searched everywhere but all I can observe, It comes with Excel Add-In. I am looking out for actual ...
52 views

### How to Maximise Efficiency With hp12c gold calculator

I would like to calculate the net present value of a loan schedule or an equation of value. e.g. "For an investor receives R1 000 after 2 years, R2 000 after 5 years and R4000 after 7 years, how much ...
237 views

### how do you evaluate an FX market aggregator?

My firm is investigating FX aggregation systems to see if we can reduce execution costs for our systematic trading strategies that involve FX (not low latency). Some of the contenders are Integral, ...
407 views

### Can you replicate an option on an arbitrary basket of stocks?

Since a market index is nothing more than a basket of stocks, you can create your own index by putting together stocks of your choice. The only difference is that you can trade options on major ...
54 views

### Can Central Index Keys (CIKs) issued by the SEC be reassigned?

Suppose company A has CIK 0000012345 and ceases to exist. At some later time, company B registers with the SEC to submit filings. Is it possible that company B will be assigned the same CIK ...
52 views

### Ocaml and Algorithmic Trading [duplicate]

I'm completely new to the Algorithmic Trading domain. I've just completed a course that was Ocaml based, and read about Jane Street. Obviously they are a huge company with a large amount of resources, ...
173 views

### Fitting distributions to financial data using volatility model to estimate VaR

I want to fit a distribution to my financial data using a volatility model to estimate the VaR. So in case of a normal distribution, this would be very easy, I assume the returns to follow a normal ...
58 views

### Calculating spot rate of interest

You are given the following information regarding the domestic government fixed-interest bond market: The current price of a one-year bond paying coupons at a rate of $4.5$% per annum and redeemed ...
123 views

### Foward-start option pricing

Consider a probability filtred space $(\Omega, \mathcal F, \mathbb F, \mathbb P)$, where $\mathbb F = (\mathcal F_t)_{0\leq t\leq T}$ satisfing the habitual conditions and is generated by $1 d$- ...
233 views

### Call option arbitrage opportunity

I am having trouble wrapping my head around some text provided to us by our lecturer (unfortunately he is currently unavailable). If we let $c$ be the price of a European call option, $S_0$ the ...
201 views

### Implied Volatility Calculation

We all know if you back out of the BS option pricing model you can derive and solve what the options is "implying" as its volatility. However, what is the formula used to derive IV (can anyone direct ...
81 views

### Stress testing covariance

Going one level beyond stressed scenarios, to parameters e.g. for a VaR measure: what are the most common approaches for stressing a covariance/correlation matrix, especially taking portfolio exposure ...
114 views

### Using cointegration to prove that a long-short strategy is market neutral (in CAPM sense)

I am trying to prove that a long-short strategy invested according to the cointegrated relationship from Engle-Granger's. So essentially I'm trying to show that the return $r_{XY}$ of the portfolio (X ...
82 views

### How are option expiration dates decided?

I looked at the CBOE website and they say the expiration is the Saturday following the third Friday of each month. However, I look up an options chain for Google, for example, and I see three ...
102 views

### PCA Variances and Principal Portfolio Variances

In Meucci's paper called "Managing Diversification" he mentions that: "Indeed, the eigenvalues A correspond to the variances of these uncorrelated portfolios" I tried to replicate it but found they ...
205 views

### How do you know if if an option is priced correctly?

Besides obvious extreme examples (ie volatility going to infinity, infinite time, zero time, or zero volatility, deep OTM/ITM ) how does one gauge if an option is 'correct' or at least in the ...
65 views

### SDE(s) satisfied by Radon-Nikodym derivatives of certain martingale measures [closed]

Given: Money Market Account: $dR_{t}=R_{t}r_{t}dt, R_{0}>0$ Risky Asset: $dS_{t}=S_{t}(\mu_{t}dt+\sigma_{t}dB_{t}), S_{0}>0$, where $r, \mu,$ and $\sigma$ are positive processes and $B$ is a ...
47 views

### earnings reports and option pricing

Let's assume that company XYZ reports earnings in a 0% interest rate environment and the option expires shortly after earnings. And there is a 50% chance the earnings are good (an upmove) and 50% bad ...
72 views

### Greeks of Basket

I am considering a product composed of 10 underlying assets. The maturity is 5 year. Each year if the performance of the equi-weighted portfolio reach a barrier, it pays a coupon. My question concern ...
560 views

### Quantitative before/after or financial engineering studies of a bid or ask tax?

Has anyone in the quantitative finance or financial engineering community studied the effects of a bid or ask tax with actual or simulated data? If so, what were the quantitative results or ...
57 views

### How to correctly construct a value- and equally weighted portfolio consisting of property-types?

A problem of which I couldn’t find the answer on the forum is about the construction of equally-weighted and value-weighted portfolio. I want to compute the equally-weighted property-type portfolio ...
78 views

### Benchmarking risk

Given the portfolio return $R$ and the benchmark return $B$, I want to define a risk indicator, measuring the ability to beat the benchmark ($R>B$), given the downside risk taken; the latter not ...
97 views

### t-statistics for the mean return, using Newey-West standard errors

I have seen that in several papers, where the aim was to evaluate the performance of a certain investment strategy, they use t-statistics to test for significance in the results. However, this seems a ...
121 views

### How to download risk free rate?

I've been trying to download the national interest rates for some countries. When i use Datastream, it only gives me the currency return (while i need yield). Can someone please tell how to ...
212 views

### How do I determine the maturity date from a T-bill's CUSIP?

Is there a way to determine a government bill's or bond's maturity date by looking at its CUSIP? For example, the CUSIP for US T-Bills with a maturity of 12/1/11 is 9127953V1. As you probably know, ...
131 views

### Ito's Lemma - Integrand depends on upper limit of integration

A problem I came across while practicing using Ito's Lemma had a process with an integral whose integrand depends on the upper limit of integration (the goal is to find $dZ_{t}$): ...
48 views

### What does negative gamma mean in APGARCH model?

I got a gamma of -0.1321677. ...
247 views

### How to detect and adjust for stock splits?

I am using a large daily data panel for over 250 companies and over several years. I am concerned about adjusting for stock splits. Is there any program in SAS to detect stock splits? How do I adjust ...
120 views

### Statistics of difference between two GBMs

if I have two asset prices modeled separately as geometric brownian motions. How do i go about calculating the expected statistics of their difference? Like given the sigmas and mus of both processes, ...
190 views

### Hedging duality

We consider a financial market over the time interval $[0,T]$ where a risky asset is a semimartingale $S$. By $\mathbb{P}$ we denote the set of all equivalent local martingale measures (ELMM). We ...
56 views

### Modelling long run relationship between dividend and earnings

I am working on a paper where I have to model the long run relationship between earnings and dividends. I have downloaded the raw data from shillers website. I have converted the series to ...
154 views

### Gamma vs. Volatility Risk

Original Question: What is the link between Gamma and the Volatility Risk? It leads me to ask: - What is the Volatility Risk definition and what are the good practices to measure it? Thinking about ...
3k views

### Python library for Portfolio Optimization

Does anyone know of a python library/source that is able to calculate the traditional mean-variance portfolio? To press my luck, any resources where the library/source also contains functions such as ...
114 views

### Get intraday data of SAP with google Finance

According to this link I try to get intraday data of SAP listed at Xetra. Intraday data with timestep of 1 second would be great. I do not understand parts of the command, I try ...
122 views

112 views

### Iterating through every path of a Trinomial Tree

I am attempting to come up with an algorithm to iterate through every possible path of a trinomial tree and am having difficulties coming up with one. Is there any literature on this or has anyone ...
1k views

### Using Black-Scholes equations to “buy” stocks

From what I understand, Black-Scholes equation in finance is used to price options which are a contract between a potential buyer and a seller. Can I use this mathematical framework to "buy" a stock? ...
105 views

### Value at Risk Monte-Carlo using Generalized Pareto Distribution(GPD)

I have created a VBA program to calculate VaR by using Monte Carlo, I have simulated Brownian Motion. This method might be ok for 100% equity portfolio, but let's say this portfolio may have fixed ...
5k views

### Is the Interactive Brokers API suitable for hft?

By hft here I mean anything with holding period less than 5-10mins... Any empirical/anecdotal evidence of using it successfully on even higher frequencies?
12k views

### How can I go about applying machine learning algorithms to stock markets?

I am not very sure, if this question fits in here. I have recently begun, reading and learning about machine learning. Can someone throw some light onto how to go about it or rather can anyone share ...
127 views

### Testing Significance of Correlation

Lets say I have the returns of two stocks(stock1 and stock2). Now without running a regression, I lag one of the variables, calculate the correlation between the two stocks and repeat this process as ...
207 views

### Software for backtesting outside strategies (CSV transaction upload)

I've developed some software which generates sets of trades, and I'd like to backtest those trades. My software currently outputs a CSV file with details of each trade: ...
110 views

### Regression with Lagged variables

I am new to regression analysis. Let's say initially I have a linear regression x = alag(x1) + blag(x2) + clag(x3) -- eq 1 I want to predict the price x based on the the price of x from previous ...
I'm trying to get an intuition as to why the adjusted closing price includes a dividend adjustment: $$1 - \frac{dividend}{close}$$ I understand why the adjusted closing ...