# All Questions

276 views

### Where does CME store Security IDs for FIX messages?

Where does CME store Security IDs for FIX messages? I cannot find them anywhere? So given Security ID XX I can go and work out what product this actually is?
833 views

I am looking for academic articles which model the p&L of market makers. I have read the Ho-Stoll (1984) article. Is there any recent article on this subject?
5k views

### Except Zipline, are there any other Pythonic algorithmic trading library I can choose?

Except Zipline, are there any other Pythonic algorithmic trading library I can choose? Especially, for backtesting?
655 views

### How to price a bond at specified dates in QuantLib

I am wondering what's the most efficient way (i.e. the method which involves the fewest arguments) to price a bond at a specified date, e.g. a future date (as instance, 6 months from now) in QuantLib. ...
252 views

### Liquidity diversification

The liquidity diversification can be measured by the liquidity score, defined here as the ratio between the pure market P&L CVaR and the market+liquidity P&L CVaR. I have tried to reproduce ...
124 views

### CVA DVA and Bilateral adjustment

I've already computed the CVA\DVA and now I would like to compute the bilateral adjustment. Does anyone know the relationship between the CVA\DVA with the bilateral adjustment? I mean a paper, ...
257 views

### Risk Neutral Evaluation - Exchange/Spread Options

I have two assets, $S_1$ and $S_2$, which follow geometric Brownian motion processes. This implies that both $S_1$ and $S_2$ have a lognormal distribution. I'm trying to get the exchange option price ...
197 views

### “Friendly” papers about maximum smoothness yield curve modelling

I'm currently looking to implement some version of the yield curve modeling techniques in the maximum smoothness framework. The papers I have found so far explains the theory pretty well, but I find ...
5k views

### Why non-stationary data cannot be analyzed?

Searching online, i found out that non-stationary cannot be analyzed with traditional econometric techniques as in case of non-stationarity some basic model assupmtions are not met and correct ...
176 views

### Risk-neutral models for rights issues

A rights issue is the granting by a corporation to its shareholders of a right to purchase $N$ new shares for each $M$ shares they already hold at a (often discounted) price $K$. Thus, it ...
236 views

### Test for stationarity and make use of non-stationary points in financial market?

I have two questions to ask: What are the best methods to determine stationarity in a financial market (such as stocks) using MATLAB? What methods would you recommend to use in order to change from ...
596 views

### Ordering of CME Level 2 FIX Market data?

The following link contains a file containing CME Level 2 FIX Market/Orderbook data for Corn futures: ftp://ftp.cmegroup.com/datamine_sample_data/md/mdff_cbt_20130714-20130715_7813_0.zip However, ...
161 views

### Should I use Resampling or Expectation Maximization to compute a robust covariance matrix?

I have several assets, each with different return histories. Some of the assets have 75 days of return history, others have 40 or so days. In calculating a robust covariance matrix, should I be using ...
517 views

### Monte Carlo Options Probability Calculation

I have a fairly simple problem for an application I am writing currently. How do you calculate the options probability of being in the money or touching a certain strike price. I know there are at ...
212 views

### For a interdays trading backtest system, should I put day open, close, high, low, volume separately into array?

I think there are two possible ways: 1. day open, close, high, low, volume separately into array, then I have 5 arrays to work with my calculation 2. Put all of these into one array or linklist to do ...
296 views

### QuantLib error with qlPiecewiseYieldCurveData() on qlPiecewiseYieldCurve() with ZeroYield and ForwardRate

I'm using QuantLibXL to build a discount curve, a zero yield curve and a forward curve of the EURIBOR rate (QuantLibXL is downloadable here). I've built an object of class ...
473 views

### ETF Negative Roll Yield

I have a quick question about the ETF Roll Yield. As we all know commodity ETF’s have struggled with contango (spot price is below futures prices on the term structure). Look at an ETF like USO which ...
382 views

I have a question about a option theta. When I evaluate the option theta of near expiry put option using Black-Scholes formula given the data as follow: Index Level = 20,500 Strike Price = 20,000 ...
946 views

### What is the best solution to use QuantLib within Excel?

Excel is likely the most widespread instrument across all not-only-quants desks; in addition, we have to keep in mind that Bloomberg and Reuters allow to easily import real time data in Excel, and ...
536 views

### Brownian motion - first passage time

Can anyone point me to the expression for the first passage time for a geometric Brownian motion process X(t) as a function of the starting point, threshold, drift and diffusion parameters. I am ...
631 views

### What are modern algorithms for trade classification?

When dealing with trade data, for example from TAQ, a common problem is that of determining whether a trade was a buy or a sell. The most commonly used classifier is the Lee-Ready algorithm (Inferring ...
180 views

### Deutsche Börse sample Level 2 data, how to view in Windows?

DB has some sample Level 2 market data: ...
283 views

### Where can I get real-time equity options quotes for a reasonable price (i am not a company) besides screen scrapping Yahoo! Finance? [duplicate]

Want to have electronic access to equity options quotes in real-time. Is there anyone offering this service to the individual investor for a reasonable price? Again it must be electronic, in other ...
160 views

### How to compute the volume of an index from the volume of its constituents?

I'm trying to understand how to compute the daily volumes of the Dow Jones Industrial Average but I haven't found the proper formula yet. I thought it was the sum of the price*volume of each ...
143 views

### How to test that a distribution has infinite mean?

I observe a sample from a distribution that I expect to be the hitting time $$\tau = \inf\{t>0| X(t)>a\}$$ where $X(t)$ is a Lévy process with $X(0)=0$ and $a$ is some constant. $X$ is not a ...
74 views

### Increasing Market Depth

Are there any sure-fire ways to increase market-depth that people have experience with? Has much research been done/published on this subject?
148 views

### Example code for “Gauge Invariance, Geometry and Arbitrage” paper

This paper describes an algorithm for computing arbitrage opportunites using a gauge connetion. Has anyone written a python program or C++ or C# program that shows how to follow the steps outlines in ...
59 views

### Inferring the maximum drawdown depth for a different sample size

Let's say there's a trading system that has a 10 % chance of getting a maximum drawdown >= 50 % over a sample of ...
173 views

### reinsurance pricing equivalent to option pricing

Is it true that pricing a reinsurance contact is equivalent to pricing an option. Basically a reinsurance just cuts off the risk exposure of the insured institution to a threshold say $K$. So if we ...
210 views

### Has there been success in applying Mandelbrot's ideas to financial markets?

More specifically, I am looking for recent research papers that have harnessed Mandelbrot's ideas too successfully predict asset prices. I have read many papers about wavelets, and I would like to ...
138 views

### Portfolio optimization with absolute position constraints

I'm looking to optimize a portfolio maximizing expected return for a particular risk budget, but with absolute constraints on the individual instrument positions. I've been experimenting with QP, ...
291 views

### Definition of gearings, spreads and curve in RQuantLib's Floating Rate Bond function

Consider the RQuantLib package function FloatingRateBond(). This takes as inputs gearings ...
198 views

### What structural model does Reuters use for default probability?

When using Reuters, for each listed company there is credit tab that shows relevant information in terms of credit default. There is also rating class as well as one year default probability. It is ...
376 views

### Japan day count conventions

I am after a good comprehensive resource on Japanese day count conventions. By that I mean, is actual/360 or actual/365 used for pricing various options, forwards, futures, etc.
107 views

### Currency forwards implied interest rates

I am calculating implied interest rates using covered interest rate parity theorem. I am looking at the Australian US currency pair. When evaluating day counts, should I be using Actual/365 for ...
87 views

### How do I take an unbiased, sector neutral sample from a stock index?

I am looking to take a cross sector subset of a larger stock index universe. What steps to I take to assure that sector representation is as equal as possible to help smooth out my variance(while ...
103 views

### Black (1976) model: boundary conditions with non-convergence of spot and forward prices

Let's suppose we have a futures contract F in a market where the relation $$F(t,T)=S(t)e^{r(T−t)}$$ doesn't hold. What are the the boundary conditions for the derivation of the Black (1976) ...
2k views

### Seagull option strategy - clear example

It looks like the subject of seagull option strategy is not as clearly explained as for other strategies (butterly, bull,bear spread). Thus, can someone provide a clear example of what you buy and ...
267 views

### Bond futures - calendar spread pricing

I am looking on literature and models on pricing a bond futures' calendar spread. assuming the basket of deliverable bonds is the same and the ctd is the same, what are the factores determining the ...
99 views

Is there any good research on the price elasticity of trading in financial markets? Things like optimal fee structures and the like?
349 views

### What is the difference between the methods (listed in content) in pricing convertible bond?

To price the convertible bond, one of the models is the bond plus equity option method. That is, the value of convertible bonds is evaluated by finding the value of the straight bond and the value of ...
355 views

### VaR Calculation - Covariance matrix is not positive semidefinite

This is a basic question. I have three assets, equally weighted, and all the mutual covariances are -1. Then, the covariance matrix looks like - ...
286 views

### How to compute a sector's volatility within a portfolio?

Assume I have a large portfolio of equities spread across three sectors. I am attempting to compute the volatility of these sectors within the portfolio considering the cross correlations among the ...
632 views

### Covariance of a GMV portfolio with any asset

Why is that the covariance of a global minimum variance (GMV) portfolio in the efficient frontier with any asset is always the same?
291 views

### Black (1976) model: relationship between spot and forward prices

Does the Black (1976) model require the existence of the relation $F(t,T)=S(t)e^{r(T−t)}$? I studied the derivation of the Black-Scholes formula. However, although I know the Black formula, I've ...
89 views

### DCF of Arbitrary Dates Cash Flows

I am having a problem understanding discounted cash flows. I appreciate your patience and help. Lets say I have a bond that I want to price. ...
136 views

### how to extend lognormal model so that $\sigma$ is correlated to $\mu$?

Consider a log-normal model, $dx / x = \mu dt + \sigma dW$, where $W(t)$ is a Wiener process. Let's say $\mu$ and $\sigma$ change with time, slowly, so we note them by $\mu(t)$ and $\sigma(t)$. ...
463 views

### Testing Valuation, Size and Momentum (proprietary factors) from 1988-2013: No evidence of driving cross-sectional returns

I am currently testing whether three proprietary factors - Valuation, Size and Momentum - explain cross-sectional returns. A sample of 3000 securities was tested using Fama-MacBeth two-pass ...