# All Questions

118 views

### How to find the upper bound of a digital option given some market data?

Given the price of a call equals to 5 with Strike 100, please find the upper bound (sup) of the digital option with strike 105. I am not sure about the solution, but I write the condition like this, ...
543 views

### How to calculate the weight of the stocks using the linear regression?

I do a simple example with the follow three series(stocks prices): ...
8k views

### How to interpret results of Johansen Test?

I have two time-series a & b. The objective is to find out whether two series are cointegrated or not. I am using Johansen Test in R to find this out. I am using urca package of R. Here is the ...
447 views

### What is a commonly accepted econometric model for volume?

What is the gold standard econometric model for volume? For example, a common model for price is the autoregressive (AR) model with GARCH(1,1) innovations. Do you know of any good survey articles ...
83 views

### Good Environment, Social, and Governance Indicators to correlate with financial performance of PE

I am trying to see if there is a correlation between the Environment, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance and the financial performance of Private Equity (PE) funds. Are there any suggestions ...
456 views

### How to model time series of illiquid stocks - 400 observations (transactions) per 8 hours?

How to model time series which are illiquid - 400 observations (transactions) per 8 hours ? Are there models suitable for this situation which incorporate not only size of the transactions but also ...
332 views

### Resources for Benchmarking Automated Trading Systems available as deltix etc.?

Is there some research resource/group working on benchmarking of software products out there with automated trading and goals of "Advanced alpha generation and execution strategies" incorporating low ...
280 views

### Measuring co-movement at non-constant intervals

Correlation measures how much two series move together over a fixed interval. Are there any techniques that measure co-movement over a variable time frame? One technique I am aware of is concordance.
2k views

### How does one go from measure P to Q(risk-neutral) when modeling an asset paying dividends?

I am really having a terrible time applying Girsanov's theorem to go from the real-world measure $P$ to the risk-neutral measure $Q$. I want to determine the payoff of a derivative based an asset ...
344 views

### Is there a closed-form solution for the partial autocorrelation function of a Markov regime-switching process?

Consider a Markov Regime-switching process $X_{t}$ with $k$ regimes represented by $s_{t}$ such that $$X_{t}=\mu\left(s_{t}\right)+\epsilon_{t}$$ and \epsilon_{t}\sim ...
6k views

6k views

### Why use swap-rates in a yield curve?

I have a question concerning interest yield curves. Many institutions use the Libor-swap rate curve as a yield curve. Let's be precise and say that we want the yield curve to be the curve that gives ...
513 views

### Using volatility cycles to switch between trend following & range bound trading? [closed]

"...a low volatility environment is usually a good environment for trend following strategies; see Jez Liberty’s state of trend following report here..." ...
175 views

### How do brokers charge for locates?

Few quick questions on how locates work. How do brokerages charge for locates? They charge based on volume? How long you need the locate (I assume an one day is max)? Do the brokerages ...
1k views

### VaR implementation using quantlib?

I am thinking of writing a VaR framework for my existing system, using quantlib to do the bulk of the calculations. Despite several searches, I have not as yet come across a quantlib VaR ...
142 views

### Good reference on sample autocorrelation?

I'm not a statistician but I'm writing my thesis on mathematical finance and I think it would be neat to have a short section about independence of stock returns. I need to get better understanding ...
407 views

### Exploiting breakdowns in correlation of estimated volatility

In the attached image I have a plot of the rolling correlation of 90-day historic volatility (using the Garman Klass estimator based on Sinclair's Volatility Trading) of JPM v. the S&P. As can be ...
528 views

### What are some applications of bioinformatics or genetics to generating alpha in U.S. equities?

There are many disciplines that have contributed to how one model's risk and return. Physics introduced Brownian motion and RMT. Machine learning has helped to solve complex portfolio construction ...
891 views

### Resequencing of MsgSeqNum in FIX 4.2

I am trying to achieve the following functionality using QuickFIX for FIX 4.2 Send a couple of orders and make sure they’re filled. Then disconnect. Change the incoming (from Broker) sequence number ...
1k views

### Stock Price Behavior and GARCH

In my (limited) understanding, the behavior of a stock price can be modeled using Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM). According to the Hull book I'm currently reading, the discrete-time version of this ...
306 views

### Real time stock volatility

Is there any need for real time weighted volatility on a tick by tick basis for equities? If you had that access to that, what could you do with it?
183 views

### Is there an optimal covariance one would want forecasts to have?

Often in a quant process, one will generate a time series of return forecasts and use them in some sort of optimization to generate a portfolio. Generally, there will be a covariance matrix of market ...
139 views

### What is the highest frequency greek for options on futures on bonds?

I'm considering exchange traded options of futures on bonds. Options on bond futures are usually American, thus the Black model is out of question. Which is the most imporatant Greek with respect to ...
226 views

### How to measure investors' “experienced” volatility?

In asset allocation, you usually send reports to your clients where you will report the volatility of its portfolio. Assuming you only have monthly returns, you will compute volatility over a ...
320 views

### What is an appropriate hedge ratio for hedging a credit instrument with equity of the same issuer?

Given a bond and a stock issued by the same issuer, what is the appropriate ratio of bond-to-stock one should hold in order to minimize the specific risk to that issuer? Equivalently, what is the ...
377 views

### definition for “the viscosity” in financial market data series

I am willing to calculate and monitor the evolution of extreme-viscosity in the financial markets data series. Wikipedia says "Put simply, the less viscous the fluid is, the greater its ease of ...
447 views

### Arbitrage between markets

I'm trying to understand how arbitrage works, but I'm having some difficulties based on some restrictions: I have markets A, B and C. The currencies that are traded are X <-> Y, and X <-> Z. ...
235 views

### Does the correlation amongst stocks rise when stock values decline?

Is there any research on whether the correlations among stocks rise when stock indices decline? Which model could account and test for that effect ? Maybe GARCH-BEKK, or some models using copulas?
206 views

### Why in general is the variance of volume changes higher than variance of price changes?

Why, in general, is the variance of volume changes higher than variance of price changes? I understand that these two quantities are functions of some very different factors, but I don't understand ...
432 views

### Entry and exit points for very short mean-reverting timeseries

I have a model specifying a cointegration relationship on a number of transaction-level timeseries. I would like to specify entry and exit points for trades where these points ideally would be just ...
315 views

### What are VIX back-month futures based on?

The VIX calculation is a weighted average of prices for front-month out-the-money options on the S&P index. So for VIX futures, this makes sense for the front month vix futures (being based on a ...
645 views

### What precision do I need to calculate implied volatility?

I'm developing a software to calculate the implied volatility of an option using the Black & Scholes formula and a trial-and-error method. The implied volatility values I get are correct, but I ...
Setting the scene: Assume a multivariate GBM with correlation matrix $\Sigma$. Further, one want to estimate the correlation between two of the assets. Assume one has a suitable estimator of the ...