# All Questions

1answer
151 views

### Value options when the currency’s risk free rate is negative?

How would you handle a negative interest rate in index/equity options valuation? An example would be negative rates for short term maturities for Swiss Frank (CHF).
3answers
8k views

### How to fit ARMA+GARCH Model In R?

I am currently working on ARMA+GARCH model using R. I am looking out for example which explain step by step explanation for fitting this model in R. I have time series which is stationary and I am ...
1answer
427 views

### BDT model implementation

I am looking for a nice and readable description of how to implement BDT model: $d log(r(t)) = [\theta(t)-\frac{\sigma'(t)}{\sigma(t)}log(r(t))]dt + \sigma(t) dW$. I assume I already have ...
3answers
884 views

### What is the clean price and dirty price of a risky bond?

Following up on this question: Yield of a risky bond, what is the definition of clean and dirty prices for a risky (defaultable, catastrophe, etc.) bond? I would think the dirty price should ...
0answers
97 views

### Resources to read more about/learn how implied pricing works

I was looking at this video today: http://www.cmegroup.com/education/interactive/webinars-archived/implied-price-functionality.html on implied pricing. And am aware that implied orders/pricing ...
4answers
2k views

### Why is short term implied volatility typically higher?

Why do short term implieds move more than long term?
1answer
495 views

### Regime switching in mean reverting stochastic process

Let you have a mean reverting stochastic process with a statistically significant autocorrelation coefficient; let it looks like you can well model it using an $ARMA(p,q)$. This time series could be ...
1answer
205 views

### Inflation swap liquidity versus inflation-linked bonds

In which markets are inflation swaps considered liquid enough to be the primary instrument for measuring market inflation expectations (compared to say, inflation-linked bonds)? Are there specific ...
2answers
2k views

### What is the mean and the standard deviation for Geometric Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Process?

I am uncertain as to how to calculate the mean and variance of the following Geometric Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. $$d X(t) = a ( L - X_t ) dt + V X_t dW_t$$ Is anyone able to calculate the mean ...
2answers
4k views

### Early execise of American Call on Non-Dividend paying stock.

Let us consider an American call option with strike price K and the time to maturity be T. Assume that the underlying stock does not pay any dividend. Let the price of this call option is C$^a$ today ...
1answer
472 views

### Rubinsteins Implied Binomial Tree - how to calculate the cumulative returns

I am working on Rubinsteins IBT and use the following paper to implement this into excel: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=541744 the original paper can be found here: ...
1answer
86 views

### Is this comment right about subadditivity?

I found this comment in a book I bought about risk management: Risk Management in Banking by Joel Bessis. This is the well-known rule that states that the sum of individual risks is less than ...
4answers
487 views

### Yield of a risky bond

When working with risky bonds, i.e. corporate bonds, what is usually defined as the yield of such a bond? Is it the yield calculated as if the bond was riskless, or is it calculated by properly taking ...
2answers
278 views

### BS and delta hedging questions

I have two related questions concerning Black Scholes and delta hedging. I thought about this two questions, but I could not come up with an answer, so maybe you guys & girls can help me: If an ...
3answers
491 views

### Optimizing a currency only portfolio with negative weights

I am testing various optimization methods for a currency-only portfolio. I have a vector of expected returns for the major developed currencies vs. the USD each week (based on a proprietary model). I ...
4answers
2k views

### Fastest algorithm for calculating retrospective maximum drawdown

Simple question - what would be the fastest algorithm for calculating retrospective maximum drawdown ? I've found some interesting talks but I was wondering what people thought of this question here. ...
2answers
297 views

### Why use market capitalization weighted index over PCA?

Why is it so popular to use market capitalization weighted indices instead of taking the first principle component that explains the most variation of the constituents? I haven't yet seen an academic ...
1answer
460 views

### Why do we need derivatives? [closed]

I read somewhere that derivatives are the biggest weapons of financial destruction. Why do we need derivatives? If exploiting risk-proneness of people to make profit is the goal, why don't we stop ...
0answers
308 views

### Yield Curve Volatility

Let you have several issuers, and let each issuer have its yield curve built up with liquid plain vanilla fixed rate bonds. Each yield curve has its slope and its curvature, and they obviously change ...
3answers
176 views

### How to see if a set of asset returns corresponds to a known correlation matrix?

Let's say I have an arbitrary set of $n$ period returns for $k$ assets, and a given $k \times k$ correlation matrix (of asset returns), which is known a priori. Does it makes sense, or is it even ...
2answers
1k views

### Determining portfolio risk return in R given historical data for individual holdings?

Currently we compute portfolio risk and return via our own C# program. Historical data is stored in a SQL database. We want to compute the risk and return parameters - given a portfolio (i.e. not ...
1answer
58 views

### Why might a manager consider using an interest-rate in which the notional principal amount declines over time?

Say swap would be used to convert the payments of its portfolio of fixed-rate residential mortgage loans into a floating payment. Why might a manager consider using an interest-rate in which the ...
2answers
247 views

### How to reactivate a risk mangement rule in an automated process

If some conditions are met (stop loss, trailing stop, take profit...) we will close ours positions (sell/buy) to avoid having more loss or to ensure profit. In an automatic trading system, it is easy ...
3answers
2k views

### Hidden Markov Model & Its Application

I have started reading about HMM it gives an intuitive idea about what HMM is all about. I am looking out for example where its applied to Equity model using R / Excel. The material which I read so ...
5answers
545 views

### What sources would you recommend for Real Time Market Data other than Bloomberg/Reuters?

I am dealing with a strategy that is not high-frequency based. The strategy consumes normalized data from Bloomberg and Reuters. For US equity market, can someone recommend some real-time data ...
1answer
173 views

### Eurdollar Futures

Trying to understand the Eurdollar market a little better. I understand it's the market for dollar denominated deposits outside the US (not just in Europe). They are unregulated and not subject to ...
1answer
656 views

### How to interpret/use VaR and Standard Deviation?

The parametric VaR is defined as follows: $$VaR=Z_a*Vol$$ Is this the best way to interpret how much risk is being taken on for a particular asset? How does one interpret volatility on its own if ...
1answer
67 views

### How to attribute income that incurs a double liability in a P&L?

I'm a developer writing a system for a startup. Without giving away too much of the business model, here are the basics of how it works: The web site has two forms of "currency": tickets and ...
1answer
139 views

### Can determinant of liquidity risk be used as a dimension or measure of liquidity risk

Can I take liquidity risk determinant as a dimension of it in order to examine the impact of liquidity risk on performance of banks? For example in a literature, Tangibility i.e., ratio of fixed ...
4answers
854 views

### Threshold calculation for buying a mean-reverting asset

I am trying to figure-out an optimal policy for buying a unit when its price follows a mean-reverting price process (Ornstein–Uhlenbeck), when I have a finite time deadline for buying the unit. I ...
4answers
494 views

2answers
2k views

### price of a “Cash-or-nothing binary call option”

I'm stuck with one homework problem here: Assume there is a geometric Brownian motion $$dS_t=\mu S_t dt + \sigma S_t dW_t$$ Assume the stock pays dividend, with the ...
2answers
635 views

### Using the termstrc package in R

I am attempting to use the function estim_nss from the termstrc package in R to find the spot curve from constant maturity rates published by the Fed. I am using this package because I will need to ...
4answers
631 views

### How to cluster ETFs to reduce cardinality for portfolio selection

I'm looking to run portfolio optimizations using various optimization goals - e.g. minimum variance, max diversification etc. My challenge is if I want to do this on ETF's which ones do I pick to run ...
1answer
529 views

### Target daily ROI for a market-making algorithm

I'm designing a market-making algorithm, I was wondering what a decent ROI / day would be to aim for in such a system?
2answers
170 views

### round price to tick size

I have an issue about rounding price to tick size. Suppose there is price tick table below. what is tick size for price 1001, 1002 ... 1004? In other words, how to handle the price in between upper ...
0answers
38 views

### How does a covered bond characteristics compare to a mortgage security for credit enhancement?

I need help with understanding how does a covered bond characteristics compare to a mortgage security for credit enhancement?
3answers
1k views

### Is MATLAB-generated code good enough for use in live trading?

I know that MATLAB has mechanisms for generating code, but I've never used them. Have you? If you have - is it good enough (=fast enough, I guess) to be used in live trading systems? Anything one ...
2answers
885 views

### Calculating true value of a stock given the order-book and recent trades

I'm trying to calculate the 'true value' of a stock listed on an exchange. I have access to the limit order-book (containing all bid/ask quotes) and also all trades which have taken place (which ...
1answer
153 views

### Price difference between bond cash and futures

I used to trade German and US govt. bond futures and I am now having trouble understanding the price difference of these markets against the cash market. For example, the 10 year german government ...
1answer
110 views

### Limits analysis

I have a few time series of models to analyse in terms of how far/close they are to their underlying limit. The limit is a simple value on the y-axis (always positive), and the series can act ...
1answer
218 views

### How to build an electricity portfolio for an electricity production company?

I am referring to an electricity production company. Company is located in AsiaPac. The power is generated using Natural Gas fired combined-cycle power plants. Then this electricity is distributed to ...
7answers
2k views

### What are the best Journals & Conferences in Quantitative Finance?

What are some of the most prominent journals, conferences and publishing venues in Quantitative Finance research? Where can I find information more information about them? (e.g. impact factor and ...
0answers
229 views

### How to calculate cf and interest accruals of the swap?

How to calculate to calculate daily interest accruals and cashflows for the full term of the swap, given notional, effective date, maturity date: (total one year), accrual: ACT/360 payment: ...
4answers
578 views

### Regressor: Nominal return, continuous return or first difference?

Suppose the application is linear models in financial econometrics. If we want to analyze stocks, the standard approach is to take the continuous/log return: $\ln{ \frac{P_t}{P_{t-1}} }$. Suppose, ...
1answer
297 views

### How to get a Quant Job [closed]

At the end of the academic year I will graduate with a Computer Science degree (hopefully) and I would like to peruse a career in quantitative finance. What is the dest way of doing this? Is it worth ...
1answer
125 views

### Control Bloomberg logins in a library [closed]

In a campus library or other public place, typically many people share the same PC with the Bloomberg terminal software. Is there a way to prevent users from creating new logins? Is there a way to ...

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