# All Questions

1answer
8k views

### The difference between Close price and Settelment Price for future contracts

What is the difference between Close price and Settlement Price for future contracts? Is there a defined rule for evaluating the settlement price or different rules are applied for each ...
4answers
4k views

### Techniques to optimize the placement of orders in market making strategy?

Market making often requires placing and canceling a lot of orders. You have to buy and sell nearly simultaneously, so you need to move orders pretty often to beat other traders. But I would like to ...
2answers
87 views

### Longer term average probabilities of fills at fx ECNs?

I am wondering whether anyone can share experiences and longer term average probabilities of fills when quoting inside the spread at various fx ECNs. I need to make an assumption of the probability of ...
1answer
51 views

### Fx Firm market making

I've been doing market making on forex using the last look feature so far. Now we are moving to do on firm making, but I'm kind of lost. To do firm making we need to post resting orders (currenex ...
1answer
68 views

### Who Uses American Options?

...in other words, why would a person want to have the right to exercise an option early? What advantage does that really give you? Are Euro-style options not good enough for some people? Who are ...
1answer
101 views

### Extrapolating SVI

In his paper Gatheral presents the following parametrization of the implied total variance $w(k,T) = \sigma_{BS}(k,T)^2T$ $$w(k) = a + b\{\rho (k-m) + \sqrt{(k-m)^2 + \sigma^2} \}.$$ Assuming that ...
0answers
74 views

1answer
210 views

### Where can I get equivalent of 3 months libor or swap historical data?

Please note: I have already checked your standard "Historical data sources" link, but it does not have the data I need: I am looking for 5 years of libor/swap data for major currencies. Daily, or ...
1answer
35 views

### About the Feller Condition in Heston Calibration

I have noticed when reading (many) articles about Heston Calibration that not all (few actually) do care about the Feller condition. Below is a compilation of calibration results from some different ...
2answers
38 views

### Proper way to calculate the realized indiviual stock sharpe ratio

From the textbook, sharpe ratio is (return-riskfree rate)/risk However I wonder if I can use (return-index return)/risk, where the index acts as the benchmark, to calculate the sharpe ratio? I am ...
4answers
429 views

### How google finance calculates beta of a stock

How google finance calculates beta of a stock - What is the proxy for the market? - What is the time period it uses for regression?
1answer
59 views

### Historical book value data for S&P 500

In Graham's Intelligent Investor, he calculates a metric Earning/book value. I would like to calculate the same ratio in modern times (1960-2015) but am having trouble finding this data. I have found ...
1answer
33 views

### Variance covariance matrix for a portfolio containing bonds also with other asset classes

What should we take for a bond or a zero coupon bond in order to make a variance covariance matrix? For example:- Equities - we take the market price Cash - we take the spot rates Bonds - Do we take ...
1answer
43 views

### Integrated volatility

Can someone give me an explanation of what integrated volatility is (and possibly why it is preferred) versus a standard measure of volatility eg variance?
0answers
54 views

### School project about Black Scholes with stochastic volatility

In a university project I am looking at Black Scholes model with a stochastic volatility. I’m still not quite sure about my focus (I am in the beginning 'Idea phase'). I want to explain the theory ...

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