# All Questions

27 views

### How to derive what effect funding shocks have on conditional market betas? [closed]

I am unable to derive the correct result eq2 all my answers seem circular, any help would be much appreciated. It should basically end up saying that shocks that affect all securities compress betas ...
55 views

### Current big topics in quantitative finance for a research paper? [closed]

I am a final year student in quantitative finance. To get my degree, I need to write a research paper (approx. 50 pages) about any quantitative financial topic. After getting my degree I would like ...
188 views

### Why is the time value of an option mathematically always positive?

Let's consider a simple European option in the Black-Scholes framework. What is it about the maths of $SN(d_1) - KN(d_2)$ that makes its value always greater than $S-K$, when $S>K$? (I assume zero ...
31 views

### BEKK - GARCH model in Stata

Is it possible to run BEKK-GARCH in Stata? mgarch is of a different model type and google provide me with no good hints.
65 views

### What is the correct hedging strategy using futures?

In practice, even without maturity and underlying mismatch, hedging using futures does not always require a one-to-one hedge ratio. Tailing factor needs to be considered. Suppose the current spot ...
36 views

### Interpolation for PDF from Cumulative Distribution

How to interpolate PDF(Probability Distribution Functions) from CDF (without root finding method) ? Please tell the steps to do so. Thanks.
76 views

### Extended Hull White Interest Rate Model for Zero Coupon Bond

Please taking the following SDE dr = u (r; t) dt + w (r; t) dX: u (r; t) = a(t)-br; w (r; t) = c; b&c are constants and a(t) arbitrary function of time. If Zero Coupon Bond Z (r; T; T) = 1 ...
30 views

### What is the expected rate of return from paying 1 today for a 50/50 bet receiving either 2 in year 1 or 0.5 in year 2? [closed]

What do you think is the correct way to calculate expected return for this example? I think Method4 below is correct. Method1 35.4% = AVERAGE(1.0, 0.5^(1/2)-1) Incorrect, but some will argue that ...
9 views

### Solving StochasticDifferential Equation [migrated]

Please help me in solving this Stochastic Differential Equation for Yt dYt = aYt dt+ bdXt ; Y(0) = c where a and b are constants. Also find the E[Yt] and V[Yt] I have tried to write the Ito Lemma ...
39 views

### Does the Binomial Pricing Model require a no-arbitrage assumption?

In a binomial option model, if we take the uptick as 6%, downtick as 5% (assume equally probable), and RFR of 6% (continuous compounding), then we have a violation of $0 < d < 1 + r < u$. ...
23 views

### Volatility Skew for Put and Call options [closed]

Given that the implied volatility follows volatility skew, which one has higher implied volatility? At-the-money put 40 (spot = strike = 40) or at-the-money call 160 (spot = strike = 160)? I am not ...
61 views

### Expected value of log-GARCH process

Is there a way to analitycally compute expectation of log-GARCH process? The GARCH(1,1) process: $dU_t = \theta(\omega - U_t) dt + \xi U_t d W_t$ The log-GARCH(1,1) process: $e^{U_t}$ The ...
44 views

### affine arbitrage free class of nelson siegel yield curve

I'm studying statistics for finance at university. Last week i read the working paper on "The Affine Arbitrage-Free Class of Nelson-Siegel Term Structure Models". I would like to reproduce in R ...
88 views

### Portfolio Management in R

I’ve been looking around for a R-package that will allow me to track my stock portfolio - basically I would like to enter stocks that I own, track the trades I make, calculate my open position & ...
63 views

### How to price a credit-risky zero-coupon bond?

I recently received the following exercise: Construct a $n=10$-period binomial model for the short-rate, $r_{i,j}$. The lattice parameters are: $r_{0,0}=5\%$, $u=1.1$, $d=0.9$ ...
86 views

### How to compute the stochastic integral of log-normal process?

How do you compute the following integral: $$\int_0^t e^{\mu s + \sigma W_s} ds$$ or $$\int_0^t e^{\mu s + \sigma W_s} dW_s$$ ? Are those integrals stochastic processes of some well-know type ...
59 views

### If floating leg in an arrears swap is paid on the date then valuing them is like predicting future

From what I am reading arrears swap are paid on the same day(actually, +2 business days for JPY and USD) as the reset date. To me then, a week before the reset date the floating rate is not known. ...
20 views

### Soft: Interpretation Fractional BM in finance

Suppose we are in the BS framework. If we replace the Brownian Motion with a more general fractional Brownian motion therein, how can it be interpreted? That is what is a financial interpretation of ...
70 views

### How to add buy/sell market on a long/short Bollinger Bands graph in python?

I am using python, pandas, matplotlib to do the following: I have plotted some stock data ...
65 views

### Fourth moment of arch(2)

I am studying the ARCH(2) process given by $$X_t = \sqrt{h_t} \varepsilon_t$$ where $$h_t = \alpha_0 + \alpha_1 X_{t-1} ^2 + \alpha_2 X_{t-2} ^2$$ and $\varepsilon_t$ follows $N(0,1)$. Assuming the ...
156 views

### how do we know if the volatility which is quoted in market is Normal (Bachelier model) or log normal (Black 76)?

in market, many instruments are quoted in volatility, but how we can tell what kind of volatility is this? is it normal volatility, or lognormal volatility. because it affect our hedging positions so ...
32 views

### Are commodities a real assets or a physical assets? [closed]

In CFA Level Reading 45 Commodities include precious metals, energy products, industrial metals, and agricultural products. Real assets are tangible properties such as real estate, airplanes, ...
24 views

### How does risk attitude influence trading? (Bibliography seeking)

I wonder how risk-averse or risk-seeking investors behave in a stock market. Is there any bibliography that deals with that? For example, suppose that we have a risk-averse investor that buys a ...
71 views

### What are the pros and cons of historial and Gaussian approaches to VaR?

What is the difference between historical and Gaussian method of VaR estimation? I know how they are calculated, but what are the pros and cons of each?
89 views

### Understanding skew of SPX - Why does IV of OTM puts increase with strike?

I've been trying to understand the skew I see when looking at the skew of SPX. Here is a snapshot today from thinkorswim. I understand why IV increases for ITM puts -- namely because there is a ...
22 views

### Stressing the going up of LIBOR - Which balance sheet variables to stress?

Analysts expect the LIBOR to rise in the next two years. Hence, all companies that have foreign currency loans will face problems. I am preparing a study on this topic, but data is an extreme issue. ...
67 views

### How to perform portfolio optimization with user-defined expected return and variances using R?

I found some functions for Markowitz mean variance portfolio optimization in R such as portfolio.optim in tseries package. ...
49 views

### How to optimize a portfolio using skewness?

I am trying to do portfolio optimization for 5 stocks taking into account skewness of the portfolio but I am unable to incorporate skewness to the mean variance model. Can anyone please help on how ...
45 views

### SABR Implied Volatility and Option Prices

I am trying to understand SABR model. I am having difficulty to understand how to calibrate ABR a) the initial variance b) the volatility of variance c) the exponent for the forward rate d)the ...
23 views

### Commercial Vendors for Risk Management and Portfolio Optimization and Performance Attribution

So this question is directly about companies such as Axioma, Barra, Northfield, and etc. that provide risk management, portfolio optimization, and performance attribution related services. I want to ...
29 views

### Returning historical yield rates for Mortgage Backed Securities in a Bloomberg Terminal?

Forgive me if this isn't the right place, and direct me to the correct place to post. I've been trying to figure out how to get the yield rates for Mortgage Backed Securities (MBS's) in the United ...
56 views

### Define polynomials of an ARMA process

I just started out with financial time series and I'm a bit stuck with ARMA models. I have the following ARMA process: $-4X_t + X_{t-2} = Z_t + 0.2 Z_{t-1}$ Now I am being asked for the polynomials ...
66 views

### Boundary conditions: Dirichlet vs Neumann

I'm thinking about the interplay of Dirichlet and Neumann BCs in a FDM scheme. Let's assume a simple Black-Scholes call option problem, with BS PDE with constant coefficients, i.e. instead of $S$, in ...