# All Questions

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### Why is the GARCH intercept supposed to be strictly positive?

Maybe it's a simple question but I don't really understand why it is theoretically required. Let's take the standard GARCH(1,1) $$\sigma^2_{t+1}=\omega+\alpha\epsilon^2_{t}+\beta\sigma^2_{t}$$ In most ...
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### What does each bar in the empirical average eigenvalues spectrum of the correlation matrix of log-returns of stocks represent?

An example diagram, taken from this paper, looks like follows: What is its physical interpretation? The highest eigenvalue, the paper says, represents market mode. So, what does the difference in ...
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### Calculate historical duration based on current duration & historical prices

Suppose I have today current duration of a bond and it's historical daily prices. How from that I can calculate the historical duration? e.g. the value of duration I would saw if yesterday, week ago, ...
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### Optimal portfolio construction questions [closed]

I am working on a paper that tries to build an optimal portfolio to hedge various risks (mainly interest rate risk). I have never done this before. Which software program should I use to create an ...
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### Dollar-Neutral in addition to Market-Neutral?

What is the point/benefit of using a dollar-neutral strategy in addition to a Beta-neutral strategy? What exactly does a dollar-neutral strategy buy the investor? What's useful about balancing long ...
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### Mathematical Derivation of Residual Risk

I understand the difference between Excess, Residual and Active Returns. I also understand what Active Risk; defined as: $\sigma_{r_P-r_B}$ (i.e. standard deviation of the difference in returns ...
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### How to calculate optimal monthly withdrawals from an investment with compound interest

I have 1.25M dollars. I want to put it in an investment with 60% annual return paid monthly and re-invest the interest to achieve compound interest. After 15 years, my principal would have grown to ...
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### Volatility for time periods with little data

When I want the monthly volatility of stock and I only have data for about one month and I do calculation like this: ...
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### NPV of two annuities

For exam preparation we are given some past papers, however there are no solutions and I would like to know if my logic is correct for the following question: Assume you are 25 years old. An ...
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### Yahoo Finance data scraper [duplicate]

I am building a small financial web application and I need a data source for price (Adj. Close) and volume data. I have written a scraper to scrape equity data for yahoo finance and can pass this to ...
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### Polynomial interpolation of corrected lognormal distribution

Can anyone provide a formula for a polynomial interpolation of the corrected lognormal distribution used to model returns traditionally resulting from the wrong Brownian motion generated model? ...
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### Calculating the global minimum variance portfolio in R?

I am attempting to use the globalMin.portfolio command to calculate the global minimum variance portfolio in RStudio. My code is as follows (note that several libraries have been included which may ...
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### How to compute the yield on the Ultra-Bond Treasury Futures

I am trying to compute the yield on the Ultra-Bond Treasury Futures which is roughly 172.2187. Heres the description of the contract: U.S. Treasury bonds with remaining term to maturity of not ...
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### Minimum Variance Portfolio problem [closed]

Minimum Variance Portfolio Suppose there are N stocks in the investmentable universe and we have a fully invested portfolio investing 100% of the capital. The Covariance matrix is denoted as ∑. We ...
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### Copulas and default probability

Assume a basket of 3 credits, each with some unconditional default probability ${q_i}(t) = \Pr [{\tau _i} \le t]$. Consider the joint CDF $H$ of the default times is given by \$H(t,t,t) = \Pr [{\tau ...
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