# All Questions

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### Derivation of variance of Zhou (1996) volatility estimator

Does anyone know how to derive the Variance of Bin Zhou's volatility estimator (Theorem 1) in 'High-Frequency Data and Volatility in Foreign-Exchange Rates' (1996) Zhou 1996 Any help would be ...
228 views

### How are quants able to verify whether their calculated prices are any good

This question is related to the discussion on Model Validation Criteria However it appeard to be very high level to me and I would like to go more into detail. Not working at a pricing desk the ...
301 views

### Where do i find the trade execution priority rules for special order types on continous auction markets

I'm looking for documentation on how trade execution is ordered on exchanges with non standard order types. Especially linked/contingent/stop type orders. Any exchange that implements these with ...
249 views

### What R-packages for SOCP problems are there?

Currently, I am looking deeper into the topic of second-order cone programming. Could you suggest packages that solve SOCP-problems in R? With your answer, please provide a short description of ...
60 views

### FTAP in the model independent case, paper by Schachermayer

I have a question about the following paper by Beatrice Acciaio, Mathias Beiglböck, Friedrich Penkner, Walter Schachermayer. At the very beginning of the paper, on page 3, there are two definitions ...
149 views

### A doubt about Evans and Jovanovic (1989) economic model for entrepreneurs with credit constraints

[I already posted this question on the math forum of stackexchange and I was advised that I should post this question here] In Evans and Jovanovic (1989) you will find a model for entrepreneurs with ...
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### How is the redemption right on delisting of underlying shares held by holder in the convertible bond valued?

As title, If there is no delisting constraint, then I can treat the redemption right as the put right on the convertible bond. If there is redemption right on delisting, what is the conventional ...
742 views

### mean reversion with Kalman Filter - Spread calculation

Ernest Chan in its book "Algorithmic Trading" shows how to use the Kalman Filter for mean reversion pair trading. I have seen that he uses the measurement prediction error for calculating the spread ...
194 views

### Time series (stochastic process) estimating parameters using characteristic function

I have a time series of assets ${A_1, A_2, ..., A_n}$, which is described by a sophisticated distribution having the following characteristic function: $\phi(u; t;\theta)$, where $\theta$ is a vector ...
149 views

### default probability

Suppose the hazard rate is $\lambda$ the default probability density function follow exponential $f(t) = \lambda e^{-\lambda t}$ and cumulative probability function is $F(t) = 1 - e^{-\lambda t}$ ...
120 views

### Estimating risk aversion (power or exponential utility) from options prices

I came across this literature and it seems like there are a number of ways people do this. You can do it for an option on any underlying as long as you can create the risk-neutral p.d.f. If you agree ...
94 views

### Optimizing stochastic functions numerically

Is there an efficient and commonly used optimization method for "more complex" investment strategies. For instance, say you have a function $f(X_1,...,X_n,c,v)$ where the $X_k$'s are your random ...
176 views

### Credit Rating vs Bond Yield

I am looking for some references on quantifying the dependence between credit rating and bond yield. I have some data (found some Bloomberg indices which give average yield based on credit rating), ...
452 views

### Test for stationarity and make use of non-stationary points in financial market?

I have two questions to ask: What are the best methods to determine stationarity in a financial market (such as stocks) using MATLAB? What methods would you recommend to use in order to change from ...
174 views

### Should I use Resampling or Expectation Maximization to compute a robust covariance matrix?

I have several assets, each with different return histories. Some of the assets have 75 days of return history, others have 40 or so days. In calculating a robust covariance matrix, should I be using ...
315 views

### Market risk stress testing?

I am doing a research for a paper for market risk stress testing. In fact I found some information on the web about this important topic such as: Stress Testing from Art to Science Stress Testing ...
182 views

### Black-Scholes PDE to heat equation, nonconstant coefficients

Can someone provide me with details or a reference on how to transform the Black-Scholes PDE with nonconstant coefficients (i.e. $r=r\left(S,t\right)$, $\sigma=\sigma\left(S,t\right)$) to the heat ...
159 views

### Quantitative risk management strategy for a large participant in an illiquid market

Are there any practical quantitative risk management strategies for a large participant in an illiquid market with a few dominant players? By a large partcipant I mean someone who has significant ...
81 views

### Standard Assumption Terminology

Regulators are starting to analyse (or at least they are talking about it) model assumptions. We all know that too often our assumptions are just in the model documentation. Furthermore, we have no ...
66 views

### Discount of Asian vs European vols

I understand the discount for Asian vs. European vol depends on time to expiry and length of averaging period. This makes sense intuitively; a short averaging period far away blurs into a single ...
104 views

### Overnight Index Swaps

Just a very quick general question regarding the OIS market. Is it common place on termsheets to state a PV Notional and additionally a FV notional, if so what is the purpose of this and does market ...
200 views

### RQuantLib: any difference between FixedRateBond() and FixedRateBondPriceByYield() with flat term structure?

Please, consider the following functions from RQuantLib package: FixedRateBond() ...
288 views

### How replicate data using PCA

I have a set of date covering petrol prices. My example has two columns where each row represents a sequential date. ...
303 views

### PCA Variances and Principal Portfolio Variances

In Meucci's paper called "Managing Diversification" he mentions that: "Indeed, the eigenvalues A correspond to the variances of these uncorrelated portfolios" I tried to replicate it but found they ...
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### Credit spreads vs default events dependence

Reading this note it strikes me that credit spreads and defaults seem not to be commonly modeled jointly (e.g. more or less directly in structural models), but at best with some kind of "ex post" ...
240 views

### how to represent financial data as a spatial process

Does any one have a good tutorial , introduction or overview on the web for different ways of representing financial data as a spatial process? Such as those spatial processes often used in geo-...
759 views

### Markov-Switching E-GARCH with R

I am looking for a R library for modeling a Markov-Switching E-GARCH process. In other questions at StackExchange related to GARCH models, the package rugarch is often mentionned. Do you recommend it ...
400 views

### Monty Hall Model

Given a fixed time period,say 3 days, the stock/market can go up,down or stay sideways. A hedge fund can long, short or use rangebound(options strategy) to bet for that 3 days closing level. Hedge ...
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### Measuring unbiased estimator for variance with RMSE?

The root mean squared error (RMSE) is considered by some to be the best measure of how good a variance estimate is. You often see it quoted as: \$RMSE=\sqrt{\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n(\hat{\sigma_i} - \...
227 views

### Optimal Position Size with Transaction Costs given Forecast Mean and StDev

I have rather a challenging question. I'm hoping that someone can share their experience. I will build up the problem in steps. Let's start our thinking with the idea of a buy and hold strategy of ...
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### Individual/casual investors and the bias towards blue-chip stocks?

There's quite a bit of research (example, [1]) teasing out the fact that home/casual/individual investors prefer stocks with large positive skewness. It surprised me, as I was reading a bunch of these ...
395 views

### VaR backtesting with overlapping time intervals

Of course the issue here is dependence: can it be removed or accounted for (in independence tests too, which of course would be troublesome)? There's a lot of literature on regression in this setting, ...
503 views

### What is the use of the Euler equation in the Ramsey growth model?

I apologise for being brief, but I don't understand how is Euler equation used in the Ramsey growth model. I am reading a textbook "Dynamic General Equilibrium Modeling" and there is mentioned about ...
324 views

### Pricing with collateral

I have been confused about many things concerning the princing of securities with collateral. We can prove that today's price of a security( fully collateralized and within the same currency) is the ...
496 views

### Real time stock volatility

Is there any need for real time weighted volatility on a tick by tick basis for equities? If you had that access to that, what could you do with it?
289 views

### vix futures vega per contract and tvix vega per share

How much vega in spx terms (straddle contracts) or dollar value is in 10 vix futures contacts and 10000 shares of tvix
132 views

### What is the relation between return volatility and return rank volatility, and how can I control the latter?

I have no experience in finance, but I've been playing around with a virtual portfolio. I'm trying to control the "rank volatility" distribution - that is, the volatility of a stock's daily rank in ...
358 views

### How to balance two Forex crosses correctly to do a linear regression?

I have two cross and an account in EUR: EUR/USD GBP/USD I would like to do a balanced linear regression using R. With "balanced" I mean that I would like to normalize it by calculating the ...
59 views

### Why does a barbell portfolio have higher convexity than a bullet porfolio

I cannot quite understood absolutely why a barbell portfolio has higher convexity than a bullet porfolio. I can easily understand how the parallel line represents duration but I cannot see what ...
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### Is there any literature on a closed-form/analytical solution for American option prices with use of Chaos Theory?

I found the following paper which uses homotopy analysis for a closed-form solution. Does it have direct/apparent connections with chaos theory? http://bfi.cl/assets/zhao-wong-2006---a-closed-form-...