# All Questions

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### How does one go from measure P to Q(risk-neutral) when modeling an asset paying dividends?

I am really having a terrible time applying Girsanov's theorem to go from the real-world measure $P$ to the risk-neutral measure $Q$. I want to determine the payoff of a derivative based an asset ...
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### Why isn't the Nelson-Siegel model arbitrage-free?

Assume $X_t$ is a multivariate Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, i.e. $$dX_t=\sigma dB_t-AX_tdt$$ and the spot interest rate evolves by the following equation: $$r_t=a+b\cdot X_t.$$ After solving for $X_t$ ...
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### How to value non-libor swaps (not basis swaps)?

What discount curve should be used for a swap with a fixed leg and variable leg, where the variable leg is based on rate other than Libor (in my case 1-year deposit rate). Hull (5th edition, page 595) ...
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I am preparing for the CFA level 2 exam, I got confused by the concept Z-spread and OAS. When a call option is added to a bond, since it is not favorable to the bond buyer, they would require more ...
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### What mathematical characteristics are required from the asset price process in order to stay within the RNP framework?

I'm currently doing a course in derivatives pricing and I'm having some trouble wrapping my head around the sweet spot where theory meets reality in terms of Risk Neutral Pricing. I know that the ...
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### Automated 10-K XBRL data grab using the SEC file structure

I would like to write a program that takes as input a list of CIK/year/quarter entries. The program should iterate through the list and, for each entry, grab XBRL financial data from the SEC website ...