# All Questions

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### Impact of NZD mid-day EST Roll forward

Was taking a look at an NZD spot deal that was traded on a Friday for value the following Tuesday (t+2). Somehow this trade became classified as a forward by our back office systems (dealer says they ...
122 views

### Cost of Carry Bear Flattener

I was reading a report last week that “the carry on a 2s5s gilt curve flattener is negative to the tune of 10bp over 6 months” and I realised I have little understanding of this concept and ...
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### Proper way to combine wavelet coefficients from multiple rounds of analysis

I am doing signal analysis for a time series and the assumption of signal is S = F + e Where S is the original signal, F is the frequency component and e is white noise (auto-regressive time series ...
273 views

### Is this arbitrage?

Assume the stockprice as in the Black-Scholes model (Geometric Brownian Motion): $$S_t=S_0e^{(\mu-\sigma^2/2)\cdot t+\sigma W_t}$$ Wouldn't there be an immediate arbitrage opportunity, to just buy ...
175 views

### Backtesting with Simulated Historical Data?

The trading strategies that are going to backtest well are the ones that pick the winners from the past. For example, if a trading strategy simply bought apple stock it would backtest extremely well. ...
230 views

### Correlation between S&P500 returns and 10y US Treasuries yields

I'd like to investigate the comovement of stock index returns with bond yields but I don't know which return's duration to use (1-year, 1-month or anything else) to get a better view of the ...
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### CVA number used by Finance Team

What are different reasons, Finance Team will need CVA number for? Is there any specific regulatory reporting to be done?
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### Non-Negativity of up-factor and down-factor in Binomial No-Arbitrage Pricing Model

Consider a stock which is trading at $S_0$ at time $t=0$ and is expected to be trading at price $uS_0$ or $dS_0$ at time t=1 where $u$ and $d$ are up-factor and down-factor. The theory says that to ...
104 views

### Selling an American call option early

I understand it is never optimal to exercise an American call option early. [1] [2] However, here are my two contradictory thoughts about selling an American call option early. Assumptions I can ...
117 views

### Company rank within an industry

I'm looking at the list of companies in the S&P 500 Pure Value Index. For each firm, I want to obtain the dividend yield industry percentile rank and the PEG ratio industry percentile rank. I've ...
109 views

### Arbitrage free implies complete market?

In Tomas Björk's Arbitrage Theory in Continuous Time (or here), $\exists$ this proposition It seems that to show that the model is complete, we must show that the claims are reachable. That is, we ...
76 views

### Prove that the binomial algorithm implies the arbitrage free price at t=0 of a T-claim

In Tomas Bjork's Arbitrage Theory in Continuous Time (or here), $\exists$ these propositions How does the first formula follow from from the algorithm? I get that $\Pi(0;X) = V_0(0)$, but I don't ...
54 views

### How to benchmark bonds?

I am trying to find for each european bond in my database a proper Benchmark to compare them with the Bloomberg benchmarks for bonds. What i have done so far is to extract a list of all government ...
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### Which is the correct definition of arbitrage?

Spin-off from here. In Tomas Bjork's Arbitrage Theory in Continuous Time (or here), $\exists$ 2 inconsistent definitions of arbitrage, which is correct? The first definition is for the single period ...
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### Counterparty risk tutorials

I want to learn about the latest methods used to measure credit risk, which I believe is same as counterparty risk. Can you please direct me some links for this. I have come across a few of them but ...
89 views

### Joint distribution from expectations

Given two random variables $X$ and $Y$ and let $K$ be a constant value. Assume the expectation $\mathbb{E}[X(Y-K)^{+}]$ is given for all possible values of $K\geq 0$. Is there a way to derive the ...
120 views

### In a Black-Scholes world, why must volatility be strictly increasing in time-to-expiration?

This question is from Rebonato's Volatility and Correlation 2nd Edition. Rebonato states that if $\sigma_T^2T$ is not strictly increasing, it would be simple to set up an arbitrage. Unfortunately ...
92 views

### forward vs spot simply-compounded spot interest rate

Question about forward vs spot simply-compounded spot interest rate.Some definitions $P(a,b)$ a zero coupond price at time $a$ and maturity $b$ $L(a,b)$ simply compounded spot interest rate set at ...
80 views

### Arbitrage Strategy Proof in Bjork

In Tomas Bjork's Arbitrage Theory in Continuous Time (or here), $\exists$ this proposition Proposition 2.9 Suppose that a claim X is reachable with replicating portfolio h. Then any price at t=0 of ...
111 views

### Black–Karasinski - Market Price of Risk

In the past I have calibrated simple short rate models to the term structure by using maximum likelihood to get the parameters of the Vasicek/CIR sde, and then use the ZCB formula and the current ...
363 views

### robust open source Kalman filter library in C++

I would like to know if anyone has experience with a good open source kalman filter implementation in C++ that I could use. I require an implementation that supports computation of likelihood similar ...
131 views

Did value of ratio between informed and uninformed traders at market, making difference to profitability of short-term directional trading on that market? My guess is yes and better play short-term ...
79 views

### regarding Basel II III model

I may have to get involved in some projects using Basel II, III model for risk modeling, to which I have no background. Are there any good book/tutorials to recommend? What are the underlying ...
66 views

### Obtaining Expense Ratio Data

I have a list of tickers (~11,500) in a .txt/.csv file and accompanying fund data from yahoo finance. I'm wondering if there is a reasonably easy/accessible way to use this list to obtain expense ...
59 views

### Regression of TAQ half-hourly stock volume data against news volume

I am planning to run regression of half-hourly stock volume against the half-hourly news volume for that particular stock. I am looking at 2 years of data for my analysis. However, I am stuck thinking ...
128 views

### Is there any other way to measure option pricing model performance than proximity to market prices?

Short version Why do we take market prices as the prices to be estimated and predicted? The common answer is efficient markets hypothesis as in "Market agents do their best effort given their ...
104 views

### Volatility of Option

I hope I'm asking this at the right place. This pertains to actuarial exam MFE/3F on Financial Economics. If $\sigma$ is "volatility" and $\Omega$ the elasticity of the stock, one formula that is ...
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### How to define the median for bivariate function?

I know if we define a function f(x) and its cdf is F(x). The inverse function of cdf is inverseF. I can define its median as follows: median = inverseF(0.5). But if I want to get the median for a ...
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### Direct exchange data via a Vendor

I am considering the option between using direct exchange connections vs using a vendor like Bloomberg for market data. I am interested in daily data and potentially tick by tickdata. Initially I am ...