# All Questions

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### Reading XBRL Data from the SEC FTP SITE

After I ftp into the SEC Edgar site (ftp.sec.gov) I am able to pull the appropriate financial statements (i.e., 10-k, 10-q, 8-k, etc.) onto my local computer. However, when I go to open these files, I ...
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### What is shorting a asset that has negative price. Can anyone give me an example?

What is shorting a asset that has negative price. Can anyone give me an example?
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### Time-Varying Volatility and Conditional Likelihood

Engle's comment in his seminal paper "Risk and Volatility: Econometric models and Financial Practice" mentions that I had recently worked extensively with the Kalman Filter and knew that a ...
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### How do bond futures affect effective rate when used to hedge a bond's duration?

I'm trying to wrap my head around what happens to the net interest received when an invester goes short a bond future to fully hedge the duration of his long position in an actual bond. Does it ...
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### S&P's Sovereign Ratings: Clarification on Definitions and Symbols

Similar to a question I asked earlier on, but I am now looking at S&P's sovereign ratings. Here, as in the case of Moody's, a few things are unclear to me in terms of the definitions used by ...
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### swaps valuation

I am asked to solve the marking to market value(MtM) of a swap, unfortunely i´m having big troubles finding the solution, it´s a 5.5% (vs. LIBOR) 10-year swap, The notional is 500 mio USD and LIBOR ...
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### Moody's Sovereign Ratings: Clarification on Definitions and Symbols

I'm working with sovereign ratings at present. With regard to Moody's there are a few things unclear to me in their definitions. Both questions refer to the sovereign rating history in Bloomberg CSDR ...
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### Transaction costs of lending and borrowing

What are the transaction costs of lending and borrowing? How financial intermediaries reduce transaction costs of lending and how they reduce costs of borrowing? Thank you!
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### Why are short expiries associated with more pronounced volatility skews?

I've noticed that for a given strike price, the shorter expiration dates of options have more pronounced volatilities why is that?
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### Interpolating spot rates given intermittent coupon-bond prices.

I'm trying to bootstrap spot rates given coupon-paying bond data. To simplify my problem, assume we are working with only 3 given data, the price/coupon rate on semi-annual bonds maturing in 0.5, 1, ...
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### I want to keep a column in getSymbols or get.hist.quote with the Date as as.Date format [closed]

I use getSymbols to download historical information over an environment with 200 tickers but I cannot seem to keep the date information from becoming an index. I ...
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### The distribution of jump gaps for Levy processes

Assume $X_{t}$ is a Levy process with triplet $(\sigma^{2}, \lambda, \nu)$, here $\nu$ is the Levy measure of $X_{t}$. Define $\tau_{1},\tau_{2},\dots$ be the time gap between the successive jumps ...
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### Can we model components in a set of multivariate multi-period time-series data?

There are N data sets in periods occurring weekly/monthly, across a 10-year historical timeline. In each period, five dates are observed (labelled a to e), where a denotes the day the period ...
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### How to replicate this option?

I have a question I am not sure how to approach: Suppose interest rates is 50%, a stock worth \$1 today can be worth \$2, \$1, \$0.5 next year. If the option that pays \$1 only when S = \$2 is ...
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### What is the most amount of money the consumer would be willing to pay to play take this gamble?

Suppose a consumer has log-utility over wealth, defined by $u(W) = \ln(W)$. Suppose this consumer has $100$, and is considering taking a gamble in which the consumer flips a coin, and gets $20$ she ...