# All Questions

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### How are Quandl monthly S&P500 earnings estimates derived?

Can someone explain how the monthly earnings estimates are derived for S&P500? Quandl sources multpl.com, who state: ...
82 views

### R quantstrat backtest with dollar based position sizing

I am attempting to tweak a quantstrat based backtest but have run into an issue. The maxPos limits are share based, and I would rather use a fixed dollar amount instead. So I've tried generating a ...
34 views

### Future value of the debt under Merton model

The author Malz states the future value of the firm's debt under the Merton model can be found from: $$D_{t} = D - \max(D - A_{t} , 0)$$ (where $D$ is the par value of the debt, $A_{t}$ is the ...
46 views

### Return.portfolio error from PerformanceAnalytics package

When using the PerformanceAnalytics package of R, I am getting an error from the Return.portfolio function whenever I ask it to rebalance_on any frequency. If the rebalance parameter is removed, the ...
114 views

### More cache friendly linked list or alternative with optimal append, delete, and ordered traversal for limit order book?

I am trying to implement a stock matching engine/order book in C++, and am searching for a more cache friendly architecture. Currently, my data structures are as follows: An intrusive rb-tree for the ...
48 views

### Fed Funds Rate: longer maturities

FFR published by Fed Bank of NY is the average rate US banks charge each other for the overnight loans of their reserves required by the Fed regulations. Since Fed acts similar to a clearing house ...
72 views

### Ledoit-Wolf portfolio weights calculation

I am trying to implement the Ledoit-Wolf minimum variance portfolio strategy on a real-world stock dataset. ...
55 views

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### Simulation of Heston process

I am currently working on implementing Heston model in matlab for option pricing (in this case I am trying to price a European call) and I wanted to compare the results I obtain from using the exact ...
83 views

### Identifiability of a state space model (Dynamic Linear Model)

Take a general linear Gaussian state space model (SSM)(aka Dynamic Linear Model DLM): $X_{t+1}=FX_t + V_t$ $Y=HX_t+W_t$ $V_t \sim N(0,Q)$ $W_t \sim N(0,R)$ I am interested in the ...
49 views

### How to construct a cointegrating vector using more than 2 price series in R?

I use now this code from hier Why does the following data fail my cointegration test? with slightly modification of possibility to load something directly from Dropbox file storage . ...
89 views

### Problem with Naive Bootstrapping (US Government Bonds)

I am using the formula here to determine the discount factor function and eventually the zero-coupon yields. I get the data for Coupons, Face Values and Closing Prices from Thomson Reuters, which I ...
52 views

### Time discretisations, FDM vs FEM

I am interested in adaptive mesh methods for numerical solution of PDEs with applications to finance. As part of a school project, I have been pricing vanilla European call and put options using 2D ...
89 views

### Can you tell me what this RBloomberg formula means?

I've been asked to re-create a spreadsheet that used RBloomberg using a different data source. But I'm having trouble figuring out exactly what one of the spreadsheet's formulas does. Can anyone tell ...
45 views

### replicating strategy three step binomial

I am having some trouble setting up a replicating strategy for a call option with a three step binomial model (discrete). I have no trouble doing this in a two step binomial model by backward ...
219 views

### GARCH modelling and forecasting

I have a few questions regarding GARCH modelling and forecasting and it would be great if someone could help me. I am modelling the log return of oil spot prices using various GARCH models: GARCH, ...
110 views

### Multivariate Itô's lemma

Hey guys I'm looking for worked examples who show how to apply Itô's lemma in several variables, starting from the very basics. Thank you in advance!
39 views

### What are your list of concept or model in standard textbooks that are always reliable to used in working?

What are your list of concept or model in standard textbooks that are always reliable to used in working? As opposed back to this: What concepts are the most dangerous ones in quantitative finance ...
60 views

### Variance of a stochastic integral

Ok guys, I'm new to stochastic calculus and I did an exercise that I don't know if it is correct, so I need somebody with more experience to check if it is true. Compute the variance of the R.V. ...
51 views

### Bond yield: is it martingale with respect to risk-neutral probability measure of some numeraire?

Let $t$ mean current time, let $T_0, T_n$ mean two times such that $T_0\le T_n$, and let $y_t[T_0, T_n]$ mean the forward swap rate of a swap starting at $T_0$ and ending at $T_n$. (I am ignoring ...
47 views

### Value-at-Risk Calculation with respect to the Capital Requirements

I want to calculate the Value-at-Risk at date $t$ in such a way that I minimize the capital requirements given as \begin{align} \text{CR}_{\,t+1\,:\,t+250} = \sum_{h=0}^{249}\max\left( ...
39 views

### Show that in an arbitrage-free and non-redundant market a certain set is compact

Some notation: We consider a financial market with $d+1$ assets, the $0$-th asset is considered the risk-free asset, the others are the risky ones. The vector $\overline \pi \in \mathbb R^{d+1}$ ...
30 views

### Budget Constraint in Duffie's book

On Page 5 of Duffie's Dynamic Asset Pricing Theory, the budget-feasible set is defined as: $$X(q,e) = {e+D^T\theta \in R_+^s:\theta \in R^N, q\theta \leq 0}$$ Compared to Kerry Back's presentation of ...
117 views

### Modeling market sentiment and pricing options by volume, open interest

Are there any empirically-proven methods/formulas for weighting IV surfaces, pricing a discount/premium in an option, and/or adjusting any of the 1st- or 2nd-order Greeks for the magnitude (volume or ...
160 views

### Modified duration in multi-currency portfolio

I was thinking about how to figure aut duration for portfolio of bonds denominated in different currencies… I would like to compare sensitivity of portfolio to shift of yield with competitive ...
44 views

### Time between end of use of ticker symbol by one company and beginning of use by another?

I have a CRSP stock dataset that goes up to december 2013. I'm trying to append yahoo finance data to it in order to bring it up to the current day. However, there are ticker symbols that once ...
101 views

### What is the most efficient way to periodically download all new 10-K filings from SEC's EDGAR?

I found this website which uses a perl script to download all the filings. It states: "There are 200K+ 10-K (and equivalent) filings, which will take considerable harddisk space and time to download. ...
102 views

### forecasting trading costs with end of day data

I am trying to create a model that forecasts trading costs (using end of day data, so no intra day data). My trading cost (also called Implemented Shortfall (IS) is defined as such for a single stock, ...
70 views

### How to calibrate volatility surface for Interest Rate Cap&Floor pricing

I'm using Black model to do interest rate Cap & Floor pricing. The volatility is determined by using the bootstrapping methodology. However, afterwards, how should I do the calibration, or ...
91 views

### Calibration of Heston version of CIR

I'd like to calibrate a variant of Heston model for interest rates which is describe by this couple of SDE \begin{aligned}dr_t&=a(b-r_t)+\sqrt{r_t}\sigma_t dW_t^1 \\ ...
104 views

### Empirical distribution function of overlapping time series data

If we model asset return volatility for periods of more than one (say more than one day) there is the square-root rule which holds true under some assumptions. The situation is more tricky if we look ...
25 views

### What does it mean to change the currency of a spread between bonds from 2 different countries?

On reuters I charted the spread between the 10yr US bond and the 10yr UK bond. It gives the me the option of choosing the currency. For just the standard spread(ie: yield(US)-yield(UK)) you select ...
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### Why do leveraged and inverse leveraged WTI ETNs have this price relationship?

UWTI: 3x leveraged exposure to WTI DWTI: 3x leveraged inverse exposure to WTI The inverse relationship between these two symbols seems to trend toward the origin on a log-log plot (using log base ...