# All Questions

23 views

### Convolution of inverse gaussian and power law distributions

I am trying to understand how the first passage time density of Brownian motion with drift is modified by the presence of waiting times that are distributed as a power law In other words, what is the ...
150 views

### Why do we need $dS_t=r S_tdt+\sigma S_tdW_t^Q$?

Suppose $S_t$ is the stock price and follows the dynamics $$dS_t=\mu S_tdt+\sigma S_tdW_t$$. According to Girsanov, we can apply change of measure and obtain $dS_t=r S_tdt+\sigma S_tdW_t^Q$, this ...
39 views

### A few basic questions on bonds, yield and derivatives?

I am fairly new to these subjects and direly in need of some basic answers about yields, bonds and derivatives. Please forgive my lack of financial knowledge and poor English. 1- What is the ...
162 views

### How to price exotic options using Monte-Carlo?

I am actually trying to solve some exercise problem using Monte-Carlo and C++ for exotic options. Namely, the exotic options are geometric Asian options and discrete barrier option. It is claimed ...
41 views

### European vanilla call/put option, when volatility increases, how will gamma changes?

according to the BS formula, $\gamma = \frac{N'(d_1)}{S_0\sigma\sqrt{T}}$, gamma will decrease when volatility increase. How does it intuitively make sense? rather than from the formula.
48 views

What does it mean to implement a delta-neutral strategy for straddle ? A straddle consists in buying a call and a put simultaneously, at the same date, on same underlying, with same maturity and ...
73 views

### arbitrage opportunity in a two period model

I have a little problem evaluating an european call. I Suppose the following: in $$t=0 : S_0 = 10$$ $$t = 1 : S_1 = \{10,11\}~with ~p=0.5$$ riskless rate : $(1+r)=\beta=1.049$ Strike ...
13 views

### Real time data map about the amount of a currency that are held in the world ?

Where can I see in real time data about the amount of a currency that is held in central banks (and maybe other significant places) ? A map would be great. I would like to know if there is an ...
76 views

### Constructing Volatility Smile from American Options

My question is about best practices for reconstructing volatility smiles for a fixed tenor from American option data. For simplicity/liquidity, I am currently considering options on SPY. I am ...
26 views

### Cheapness indicator for Convertibles Bonds

What indicator (or combination of those) could be used to roughly estimate the cheapness of a convertible bonds ? Like the price/earning ratio for equities. Thanks, Max.
97 views

### SEC 13F Security List has incorrect CUSIP numbers?

I'm building database of 13F sec.gov forms with 13F security lists (http://www.sec.gov/divisions/investment/13flists.htm). Along with integrity checks. I implemented CUSIP digit check algorithm to ...
41 views

### Where to obtain Eurex level 2 historical order book data from?

What are some possible sources to obtain Eurex level 2 historical order book data from? Unfortunately I have only been able to find 1 source - namely Eurex itself, which charges 2000 Euro/month for ...
89 views

### Bloomberg equity option volatility data

Using the Bloomberg open API, I am trying to program a C++ script that is able to download option volatility data from Bloomberg. I currently do not have access to Bloomberg, but in the coming week I ...
141 views

### Which sports are generally the best for trading on betting exchanges for a profit?

I am looking at trading bets on tennis, football and horse racing in particular as these appear to have the most liquidity. How much background research and how much trial and error is generally ...
83 views

### Black-Scholes: If exercise probability is 0.5, should $D_2$=0?

Let's say we have option strike price equal to current stock price. And we have zero risk-free rate. In this case I assume that probability of exercise is 0.5 because chances that price will go up or ...
13 views

### calculating share price from dividend discount model

I am trying to calculate dividend as per dividend discount model for titan company limited (india). Calculations: Cost of Equity: Now, As I have done calculation as shown above (formula on top ...
31 views

### Stock prices and probability

Lets say that the current price of a security is £245 , $\mu =5%$ and $\sigma=32%$ Assume that the natural logarithm of $\frac{S_{t +\delta t}}{S_t}$ is approximately normally distributed with mean ...
14 views

### VIX For Convertible Bonds

Is there something similar to the VIX but related to the convertibles bonds market in the U.S. ? Thanks, Max.
41 views

### Why random walk Metropolis Hasting algorithm works bad on GARCH(1,1) parameters estimation

I am trying to estimate the parameters of the GARCH(1,1) model with MCMC method, firstly, I read the paper: http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12985/1/MPRA_paper_12985.pdf Metropolis Hasting method is ...
42 views

### Dixit & Pindyck (1993) Chapter 4, equation 13

Starting with the Bellman equation for the optimal stopping problem: $$F(x,t)=max\{\Omega(x,t), \pi(x,t)+(1+\rho dt)^{-1} E[F(x+dx, t+dt)|x]\}$$ In the continuation region where the second term is the ...
57 views

### Volatility Surface Constituents, do's and dont's

Recently I have been working a lot with implied volatility and volatility surfaces. The basic idea is easy to follow: 1) Gather market prices of options at different (Strike,Expiry) 2) Calculate ...
73 views

### Why is the vega of an at the money option so insensitive to movements in volatility? I.e, why do ATM options have such little Vomma?

I've been trying to understand why at the money options have very little vomma. I was reading and came across a graph that showed vega as volatility changes and I couldn't grasp how the relationships ...
84 views

### Which volatility to use to price options on futures contract?

I have some questions regarding pricing futures options and I just want to be sure that my thoughts are correct. I am trying to price options on futures for american & european style. In the ...
23 views

### Effective & Maturity Date Modified Following

I am constructing discount curve for tenor 1 month. First Instrument - PLN_1M_WIBOR has Effective Date on 2015-01-29 (spot). I was wondering what Maturity Date should be? 2015-02-27 or 2015-03-02? I ...
63 views

### On learning the bayesian approach to portfolio optimization

I am required by my course to write a small paper on the Bayesian approach to portfolio optimization, I am following Applied statistical decision theory [by] Raiffa, Howard. Which can be consulted ...
94 views

### Black-Litterman: Why should the views be independent of each other?

This question relates to this question. In the Black-Litterman framework views of inverstors on the market are modelled. These views have a covariance-matrix $\Omega$. I always found it quite ...
30 views

### What constitutes an “odd lot” in corporate bonds trades?

This is important in price discovery and pricing of bonds based on trades. "Odd" lots are traded at lower prices than "round" lots. However I wasn't able to find a definition of "odd" lot anywhere. ...
63 views

### Is the CAPM beta equivalent to the coefficient estimate of an OLS regression?

The $\beta_i$ of an asset or portfolio is defined as its covariance with the market (which itself therefore has a beta of $\beta_m = 1$). The CAPM looks a lot like a simple linear regression model. Is ...
34 views

### Convertible bonds market data

My question is twofold. First, what are the key informations used to describe a convertible bond market ? I'm thinking about market size, conversion rate, appropriate index, ... Second, where to ...
39 views

### Magrabe Exchange Option: not equal drifts

I need to calculate the price of exchange option between 2 assets $S_1$ and $S_2$ The formula is given here Wiki: Magrabe formula or here Quant Stack Exchange. In the derivation of the formula it is ...
70 views

### Understanding how to calculate position profits and trading profits

I am analysing a data set of trader transactions and would like to implement the methodology found in the paper by Fishe and Smith 2012. The main problem I am having is understanding the difference ...
67 views

### When are implied and real world parameters the same?

Suppose $T$ the maturity of a risky bond which defaults with probability $p$ over its lifetime. If it defaults it pays zero. Thus to price this bond in risk neutral terms would give ...
87 views

### Why does expected price of OTM option not equal to BS price?

If I assume that stock returns follow normal distribution with drift = 0% and S.D. = 10%. In the long, if I keep investing in this stock for a year with the same capital every year for a consecutive ...
49 views

### In Dupire's paper, why is $(S_t, t)$ in the $(K, T)$ space?

I'm new to local volatility model. From Dupire's paper and most of the textbooks, they derived the local volatility $\sigma(K, T)$ in the $(K, T)$ (i.e., strike and maturity) space, from call prices ...
165 views

### generalized black scholes

I understand how to derive the black scholes solution if $dS_t$ = $\mu S_tdt$ + $\sigma S_tdW_t$ and r is constant. The solution is c(t, x) = $xN(d_{+}(T - t), x))$ - K$e^{-r(T - t)}N(d\_(T - t), x))$ ...
32 views

### How to get Multivariate Betas from an Estimated EWMA co variance Matrix?

I have a portfolio of 4 assets. I also have returns for 3 indices. I want to get the multivariate betas for these 4 assets-based on these assets. I only have the 7 x 7 covariance matrix estimated by a ...
24 views

### Multi-objective optimization: Where to find qualified examples for portfolio management?

I am looking for qualified examples of multi-objective optimization applied to a portfolio management situation in non-normal markets. Where can I find one or more examples of such a multi-objective ...
42 views

### Is it possible that some types of financial systems can resonate?

Financial systems can certainly be modeled using the same tools physicists use to model dynamic physical systems. The validity of such is evidenced by models such as that developed by Black and ...
63 views

### Is it possible to generate Alpha by taking only systematic risks?

I read somewhere that to generate Alpha one has to take idiosyncratic risks. But is it not possible to generate alpha by taking just systematic risks. There could be a asset allocation strategy where ...
129 views

### How can an FRA create arbitrage opportunities?

I'm working through Options, Futures and Other Derivatives (beginner trying to understand investment banking). I've more or less followed the discussion of interest rates, forward rates and forward ...
82 views

### How to get twice the expected return of S&P 500

If I create a diversified portfolio of 2*beta stocks, can I expect to get twice the return of S&P 500. Example: Out of the universe of stocks available to me I randomly choose 10 stocks whose ...
79 views

### InteractiveBrokers server outage every Saturday

I am fetching some historical data from Interactive Brokers with their API. But I got a bit of annoying their HongKong history data server ('hkhdm' in the connection status window) get disconnected ...
19 views

### CDS credit spreads vs default probability

What is the relationship between a CDS credit spread (as set by the CDS issuer) and the instantaneous default probability (as estimated by the CDS issuer)? I hear they are similar but not the same. ...
97 views

### Is printing money really a bad thing?

I have 2 related questions about increasing money supply: (I know high school level economics.) 1) In an economy which has low growth and deflation, is it at all a bad thing to print money? In fact, ...
19 views

### Build spot rate curve with multiple treasuries for each maturity

I have the following treasuries: T 0 1/4 01/31/15 at 100.1236 T 2 1/4 01/31/15 at 101.1257 T 0 1/4 02/15/15 at 100.1251 T 4 02/15/15 at 101.9994 T 11 1/4 02/15/15 at 105.6269 T 0 1/4 02/28/15 at ...
42 views

### Option greeks: sensitivity to 1% move

In a Black&Scholes framework how can I compute the following sensitivities: to 1% move in the underlying price to 1% move in implied volatility I would like the greeks to tell me how many ...
26 views

Good day I would like to understand the sovereign-bond-interest-rate-spreads-basis-points-over-us treasury concept, does it mean that we should add the ...
85 views

### what is the definition of resetting tenor and time to maturity tenor in libor rates

I have a question about the definition and understanding of libor rates. We have the time to maturity tenor, $T$, which is the time over which i borrow or lend money. For libor we also have the reset ...
Suppose somebody provides us with a surface of European call prices $C(\tau,K)$ where $\tau$ stands for time-to-maturity and $K$ for the strike. By Dupire's results, there is a unique local volatility ...