# All Questions

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### State of Art - Nelson Siegel Modeling

My idea is to work with dynamic Nelson Siegel models(DNS) on my master's thesis. As I am finishing undergraduation this year I started researching on the subject. I wonder what is being discussed in ...
34 views

### Monte Carlo VaR assuming logistic distribution

I have a Monte Carlo model which measures the Value at Risk (VaR) for given portfolio. I use the geometric brownian motion to model the prices. But let's say I assumed the returns of prices follow the ...
45 views

### How do I incorporate dividends into options pricing

-Hey all, recently I encountered the necessity to incorporate dividends into options pricing. Lets say I have the following american put option: Initial price - 100, T-0.25, Volatility is 30%, Number ...
163 views

### Can I get Black-Scholes option price from greeks?

I am unpleased with current Interactive Brokers risk graph for option strategies, so I'm planning on writing an application myself to plot it. My initial idea is to get the option greek values from ...
63 views

### Callable bond pricing

I have a HKD callable bond maturing in 2022. the call schedule is bermudan and the next call date is 10/17/16 and redemption price is 100 (the call date is 10/17 every year till maturity). Initially ...
46 views

### What are the causes of incorrect prices in the market?

If market resiliency, a measure of liquidity, is the amount of time it takes a market to bounce back from temporarily incorrect prices, then what makes a price "incorrect"? Is this like fat-finger ...
122 views

### What is wrong with this argument?

Futures trading in stock index gives leverage. Leverage cuts both ways. It can give you huge pct gains or wipe you out. Typically stock index futures for the major markets have limited daily pct ...
75 views

### Bid, Ask and pnl allocation

I am quite new to the field of market making and was asking myself the following question: Suppose I have 2 clients: lets call them client 1 and 2. I'm market maker. Client 1 buys 100 shares from ...
74 views

### Abritrage when Put Option Greater then Strike Price?

I am having a tough time conceptualizing this question here: Let $P$= Price of European Option, $S$ = Present Price of Option and $K$ = Strike Price. If $P > K$, why does abritrage exist? Assuming ...
70 views

### Computing loss of Call / Stock Purchase

A seller of an European Call, can, subjectively have unbounded losses. This loss may be mitigated by buying the stock (covered call). In this case,, the loss will be bounded at A. How would one ...
50 views

### Calculating PnL from log prices

I'm backtesting a statistical arbitrage strategy. To calculate the PnL I simply use $Y(t)-Y(t+n)$ for the profit on the first leg and $\beta*X(t) - \beta*X(t+n)$ for the profit on the second leg, ...
12 views

### Why should a factor not priced and yet is relevant to the return generating process

I am reading Elton's AFA presidential adress article here. http://people.stern.nyu.edu/eelton/working_papers/Expected_Return_Realized_Return.pdf In the paper, he is warning against using the average ...
37 views

### What time do bond traders come into office in morning in New York? [closed]

When I worked on bond desk in we need to be there 8am est. Is this typical ? Seems late to me as some markets open 8am like the Canada bond futures. Treasuries futures open 820am. I work at hedge ...
23 views

### Fed Funds Rate - why has it just started decreasing on the final day of each month (vs quarter)

I understand why the Fed Funds rate has historically dropped on the final day of each quarter, but in 2015 it appears that the effective Fed Funds rate now drops on the final day of each month as ...
42 views

### How do I use common forecasting models to forecast FUTURE values? [closed]

I would like to forecast likely future demand based on historical demand. The problem is: I have no mathematical background and in relevant tutorials and even in literature formulas are used, that ...
19 views

### Can anyone suggest book about fixed-income portfolio management? [closed]

Can anyone suggest books about fixed-income portfolio management? Thx
40 views

### Interpretation of t-test in event study with dummy regression

I am not sure about my interpretation of the t-ratios in dummy regression models for event studies. I have the results for two different groups of models examining the impact of news on stock returns ...
14 views

### Just how transparent are CDOs?

Not sure if this belongs here on on money SE. Just how transparent are CDOs? Would the ultimate investor have insight into the underlying collaterals or just an overall tranche rating? Has ...
31 views

### MLE for two independent factor CIR

Following the maximun likelihood estimation as done in Klavidko I would like to generalize this to more independent factors . In first istance I would use the transition function at time t as a sum ...
37 views

### Sharpe Ratio versus Cumulative Returns

I was asked whether Sharpe Ratio was a better measure than Cumulative Returns, in the context of hedge funds. To me, personally, Sharpe Ratio is a more important measure. By definition, it tells us ...
17 views

### How to distinguish true negative eigenvalues from small negative eigenvalues due to floating point error?

Floating points have rounding errors so algorithm to find eigenvalues may report tiny negative eigenvalues but in reality thsee could actually be 0 if we had full precision. Any way to tell ? I have ...
28 views

### Handling upcoming corporate actions for equity portfolio

I have an equity statarb strategy developed using CRSP daily data. The strategy is always invested (long or short) in around 400 stocks. The ...
30 views

### Black-Scholes explicit Euler implementation python

I've written some code for the explicit finite difference method to solve the BS equation. For certain sets of parameters (time-steps and asset-steps) I get a stable but wrong solution. For others, ...
91 views

### Why is it useless to model stochastic volatility when pricing Vanilla style derivatives?

With respect to the answer by user AFK in Ideas about Stochastic volatility models. I am specifically interested in interest rate options (IR Caps/Floors and Swaptions).
25 views

### Can CreditGrades CDS Pricing Model be used for financial firms?

For Canadian banks, the CDS market is very illiquid and inactively traded. I want to get an estimate for the spread for a one year CDS on the Bank of Montreal. I was going to estimate this using the ...
36 views

### Is there anyone tried to use simultaneous stochastic differential equations?

I am looking for some examples or attempts of using simultaneous stochastic differential equations for financial analysis but there has been none so far. Is it just so nasty to apply such thing in ...
55 views

### Assets cointegration: optimal inventory for futures market

I'm interested in HFT cointegration stratagies, and recently found interesting article "Algorithmic Trading of Co-Integrated Assets" The article describes mean-reversion strategy for N-assets. ...
305 views

### Options pricing exercise - American call option on a futures contract

I am confused by a particular exercise I am doing right now, I am hopeful that someone can walk me through as to how to solve it. I further hope the question is not considered too basic for this ...
110 views

### Where can I find data source for structural models?

I am starting a project to implement the Black-Merton-Scholes model from this book in R. However, I am looking for, ideally free, data sources. Still I have access to a Bloomberg terminal. Can you ...
60 views

### Implied volatility of a complex options position

Assume I have a "complex" options position like a straddle, strangle, or iron condor. In other words, several options traded together as a single position against one underlying asset (not a basket ...
45 views

### How to distinguish trending/consolidating market conditions programatically?

Can someone please suggest me a method to programatically identify trending/consolidating market condition by reading ohlc data? Currently I'm thinking of checking the current price within last n ...
40 views

### Transforming Variables in time series regression

I have multiple quarterly time series data and trying to build a linear regression model using this dataset. Should the transformations on the LHS and RHS be the same i.e QoQ percent changes? Could ...
25 views

### Helpful references for fully understanding the mechanics of NASDAQ's auction system?

I've read about this before on their website directly and via this ITG paper. nasdaq site itg paper But I was wondering if there are any other good references I can supplement my understanding ...
18 views

### Sample data of quarterly (annualized) real GDP growth

I am looking for a database that provides me the quarterly (annualized) real GDP growth (quarter t and t-1) of US, Germany and England. For the US data i went here: ...
127 views

### How are we underestimating liquidity risk?

Malz explains that marking to model can underestimate liquidity risk. From his example, I don't see it. I can see us underestimating market risk because we are using an incorrect price. Why does a ...
53 views

### How to hedge an ETF position with a basket of its underlying components

In practice, when one takes on a large equity ETF position, I would imagine it's not necessarily "optimal" to hedge using a basket of all the constituents even though that should be a perfect hedge. ...
55 views

### Interest rate models

I'm studying by myself how to model interest rates. Is there any database in which I can find accurate data for indices like Libor, Euribor, Eonia etc?
59 views

### Imposing Restrictions on Cointegrating Vectors, R example

The code given below estimates a VEC model with 4 cointegrating vectors. It is a reproducible code, so just copy and paste into your R console (or script editor). ...
32 views

### How to find the fx lookback floating/fixed strike options prices?

Currently, I'm working on my thesis in which I'm trying to describe how are the FX lookback options priced. I need to find the real ...
70 views

### Derivation of Magrabe formula

I'm going through the following note by Davis, link. In chapter 3 he derives the Magrabe formula. I got stuck at equation $(3.16)$. We have two assets: ...
119 views

### Annualized Sharpe Ratio calculation

I'm trying to replicate the annualized Sharpe ratio of an buy-and-hold strategy for the Dow Jones Industrial Average index for a period consisting of multiple years. I got the daily DJIA (closing) ...
42 views

### Definitive way of figuring out companies with multiple classes of stocks

Is there a definitive way of mapping tickers to companies for companies with multiple listed tickers? For example, GOOG and GOOGL are both Google (or now Alphabet), or BRK.A and BRK.B are both ...
20 views

### Is the equity value of the firm “in the money” or “out of the money”? BOPM & BSOPM [closed]

Value of the firm V = 100 Face value of debt X is 120 and still one year to go until maturity Firm value volatility is 40.5% per annum Risk free rate is 6% Consider a one-period model. If any ...
33 views

### ARIMA Forecasting always converges?

I read an article about arima forecasting and i said that before we forecast arima model, its stationarity has to be checked. If the model is stationary, it is clear that forecasting converges to ...