# All Questions

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### FX Portfolio Volatility Targeting

If I have 3 different currency trades (ex short EURSEK, short NZDUSD, long USDJPY), how do I size each trade if I wish to allocate risk equally in order to target a 12% portfolio volatility (allowing ...
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### Calculating the rate of return over a year then the data for a year before does not exist

I am trying to find the growth rate of a stock over a given year. Let's say I wanted to find the growth rate from today, June 11, 2015 to June 11, 2014. This is easy enough when you have perfect ...
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The following is an excerpt from the dialogue in the book "Counterparty Risk and Funding - A Tale of Two Puzzles", regarding the statistics such as the volatility and correlation estimation under the ...
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### Physical or Real-world Probability Measure

For counterparty credit risk, in particular, for potential future exposure computation, people use the real-world probability measure to evolve the underlying risk factors. My question is that whether ...
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### Reproducing levels when PCA has been done on changes

I want to use PCA for rich/cheap analysis of interest rates. For this I did the PCA on the time series of daily difference in interest rates, which is stationary. I cant do pca on levels, as they are ...
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### Books on Market Risk for practice problems

Are there any books with practice problems for Market Risk, with special emphasis on vanilla and exotic options? Or should I look into old exam papers from FRM as sold by Kaplan/GARP?
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### Value of European Call equals Value of American Call, Question on Explanation/Proof

I am reading S. Shreve, Stochastic Calculus for Finance, Vol. I. There he proves that American Call Options have the same value as European Call Options. In the proof he uses that for a Call option ...
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### Swiss Zero-Coupon Bond Yield Curve Data

I am trying to access the Swiss Zero-Coupon Yield Curve Data. I know that the Swiss National Bank provides this data, as noted on the 8th Page of this paper under Section 3.2. However, I am for the ...
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### Basic LIBOR curve question

I'm new to the quant finance and have a very basic question about LIBOR curve. LIBOR is published every day for 4 different tenors (1M, 3M, 6M, 1Y), and each rate means how much annual interest ...
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### Using cross-sectional factor model (BARRA type) returns in a time series factor model (Fama-French type)?

This may be seen as a follow up question for the previous discussion on time-series vs cross-sectional factor models: Which approach to estimating fundamental factor models is better, cross-sectional ...
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### Negative Interest Rate & Basis Models

Since markets are showing negative interest rate, I'm forced to find a model that can catch this behaviour. Because of that, I have implemented and calibrated the G2++ (or the Hull-White 2 Factors) ...
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### Calculate the realised volatility from a time series

Does anybody know how to calculate the realised volatility from a series for a certain time frame? For example, I am looking at 5 days, 21 days, 63 days, 126 days and 253 days. thanks
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### Measure difference between estimations and historic returns

For every day in a year, I have the return on an asset and the CAPM estimation for the return. I want to measure the average difference between the set of returns and set of estimations. So far, I ...
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### What is the distribution assumption of the black scholes model

As per wikipedia the Black Scholes assumption is: (...
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### Do I need simulink to model the risks of an option portfolio

I wish to buy Matlab Home and learn to model the risks of a derivatives portfolio and then stress test it. So I am guessing I will need : Stochastic calculus Linear algebra Stats/Probability Some ML ...
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### Constant decreasing volatility, GARCH forecasting

I am trying to forecast the volatility using GARCH modelling in R. I fit an ARMA(1,1)-GARCH(1,1) model, but my sigma predictions are constantly decreasing. Anybody know why? ...

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