# All Questions

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### St Petersburg lottery pricing & short investing horizons

I am a statistician (no solid background in finance). Please forward me to a book \ chapter \ paper to resolve the following general question. Suppose we have a stock with the following monthly return ...
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### How are Expected Shortfall and Variance related?

I would like to know how Expected Shortfall $SF_\alpha$ and variance $\sigma^2$ are related. If I follow what Aaron Brown answered in this post, when the underlying distribution is Normal with ...
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### What drives changes in implied volatility on ETFs/ETNs?

I thought implied volatility, as well as the VIX, primarily increase due to increases in the underlying asset's volatility, as well as the options themselves being bid up because more people were ...
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### Models for measuring insurance risk exposure

I've recently begun working as a quant for a large bank, and one of my first tasks will be to improve the model determining the risk exposure of their insurance portfolio. The portfolio is fairly ...
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### What is “high frequency quoting” or “quote spam”?

What is called "high frequency quoting" or "quote spam" in the context of high frequency trading? Why do some people consider that as a problem for the market?
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### How to estimate real-world probabilities

In the world of finance, Risk-neutral pricing allow us to estimate the fair value of derivatives using the risk free rate as the expected return of the underlyings. However, the behavior of ...