# All Questions

20k views

### How to compute Implied Volatility Calculation?

We all know if you back out of the BS option pricing model you can derive and solve what the options is "implying" as its volatility. However, what is the formula used to derive Implied Volatility ...
220 views

### Stress testing covariance

Going one level beyond stressed scenarios, to parameters e.g. for a VaR measure: what are the most common approaches for stressing a covariance/correlation matrix, especially taking portfolio exposure ...
374 views

### Using cointegration to prove that a long-short strategy is market neutral (in CAPM sense)

I am trying to prove that a long-short strategy invested according to the cointegrated relationship from Engle-Granger's. So essentially I'm trying to show that the return $r_{XY}$ of the portfolio (X ...
118 views

### How are option expiration dates decided?

I looked at the CBOE website and they say the expiration is the Saturday following the third Friday of each month. However, I look up an options chain for Google, for example, and I see three ...
2k views

### Best tool to generate cashflow diagrams

I often have to generate cashflow diagrams. I was wondering if anyone has a good tool to generate them in either $\LaTeX$ or a picture?
276 views

### PCA Variances and Principal Portfolio Variances

In Meucci's paper called "Managing Diversification" he mentions that: "Indeed, the eigenvalues A correspond to the variances of these uncorrelated portfolios" I tried to replicate it but found they ...
419 views

### How do you know if if an option is priced correctly?

Besides obvious extreme examples (ie volatility going to infinity, infinite time, zero time, or zero volatility, deep OTM/ITM ) how does one gauge if an option is 'correct' or at least in the ...
339 views

I am considering a product composed of 10 underlying assets. The maturity is 5 year. Each year if the performance of the equi-weighted portfolio reach a barrier, it pays a coupon. My question concern ...
3k views

### Call option arbitrage opportunity

I am having trouble wrapping my head around some text provided to us by our lecturer (unfortunately he is currently unavailable). If we let $c$ be the price of a European call option, $S_0$ the ...
97 views

### Benchmarking risk

Given the portfolio return $R$ and the benchmark return $B$, I want to define a risk indicator, measuring the ability to beat the benchmark ($R>B$), given the downside risk taken; the latter not ...
453 views

I've been trying to download the national interest rates for some countries. When i use Datastream, it only gives me the currency return (while i need yield). Can someone please tell how to ...
713 views

### How to correctly construct a value- and equally weighted portfolio consisting of property-types?

A problem of which I couldn’t find the answer on the forum is about the construction of equally-weighted and value-weighted portfolio. I want to compute the equally-weighted property-type portfolio ...
5k views

### t-statistics for the mean return, using Newey-West standard errors

I have seen that in several papers, where the aim was to evaluate the performance of a certain investment strategy, they use t-statistics to test for significance in the results. However, this seems a ...
217 views

### Ito's Lemma - Integrand depends on upper limit of integration

A problem I came across while practicing using Ito's Lemma had a process with an integral whose integrand depends on the upper limit of integration (the goal is to find $dZ_{t}$): ...
138 views

### What does negative gamma mean in APGARCH model?

I got a gamma of -0.1321677. ...
195 views

### Modelling long run relationship between dividend and earnings

I am working on a paper where I have to model the long run relationship between earnings and dividends. I have downloaded the raw data from shillers website. I have converted the series to ...
1k views

According to this link I try to get intraday data of SAP listed at Xetra. Intraday data with timestep of 1 second would be great. I do not understand parts of the command, I try ...
228 views

212 views

### changes in open interest vs changes in underlying volume

Has a relationship been noted? Mostly, I'd like to know if the open interest increases on an underlying, does the underlying usually see increased trading? My guess would be "yes" since MMs can ...