# All Questions

200 views

### Set up sharpe ratio with 2 risky portfolio

You are considering an investment in the stock. In the stock market, there are two risky stocks (A and B) and a risk free claim, C (you can think of it as the t-bill). The covariances and returns of ...
51 views

### Currency Portfolio G10 vs USD allocation

Given that I have fundamental data such as GDP growth rate for G10 countries .Now I want to build a currency pairs portfolio of G10 currencies vs USD .How can I translate country scores to currency ...
633 views

### forward implied volatility skew

I would like to calculate implied forward volatility skew. I have stochastic volatility monte carlo. What kind of payoff do I need to price and how to use Black() formula to calculate the implied ...
95 views

### What is meant by “position at a given time” in the context of a series of forex trades?

Suppose you are only talking about a single currency pair, say EUR/USD. Throughout some period of time, you engage in trades with various other parties, sometimes buying, sometimes selling. The rates ...
711 views

### Elicitability of risk measures

I read that CVaR (Conditional Value-at-Risk, also Expected Shortfall), satisfies coherence, but not Elicitability. On the other hand, VaR satisfies Elicitability, but not coherence. What is ...
63 views

### Bond Interest Rate Swap Growth Rate [closed]

this should not be here because it shouldn't be here forever and eve
140 views

### Volatility estimation: sampling frequency and scaling

I have a year long stock data sampled at 5 min frequency and would like to estimate monthly volatility using it. I am thinking using GARCH or TGARCH for volatility estimation. However, I am not sure ...
121 views

### option pricing with limitation on the change of underlying daily changes

how are we supposed to price an European option given the fact that the daily return of the underlying is limited within -X% to X%? For example, if X = 5, the price of the underlying cannot go up 8% ...
539 views

### What is the fastest way to decode the FAST protocol for market data?

What kind of technology are people using these days for decoding FAST? Can FPGA be used in that area?
2k views

### Why are interest rates and stock prices positively correlated?

If I've been looking at graphs correctly, there is a strong positive correlation between stock prices (or P/B values) and interest rates over time, i.e. P/B values tend to be high when interest rates ...
247 views

### How to reduce fx currency pairs ? PCA or other tools?

I have 19 currency pairs like USD.AUD, USD.CAD, etc. Also 82 cross currency pairs like AUD.CAD, EUR.AUD,EUR.CAD etc. When I look to their graphs, most look similar, so I want to reduce number of pair ...
294 views

### “Adding” risk-free asset to covariance matrix after the fact

Given a covariance matrix that was calculated from the returns of a number of risky assets. Is there a way to "add" a risk-free asset to the covariance matrix without calculating its covariance with ...
87 views

### seasonality and generalized additive model

I am reading a report which talks about seasonality. There is a chart showing the average returns for each month of the year. In the chart it appears the last 3 months of the year tend to be negative. ...
280 views

### Show that $E[B_t|\mathscr{F}_s] = B_s$

Given prob space $(\Omega, \mathscr{F}, P)$ and a Wiener process $(W_t)_{t \geq 0}$, define filtration $\mathscr{F}_t = \sigma(W_u : u \leq t)$ Let $(B_t)_{t \geq 0}$ where $B_t = W_t^3 - 3tW_t$. ...
269 views

### Determine $E[W_p W_q W_r]$

Given prob space $(\Omega, \mathscr{F}, P)$ and a Wiener process $(W_t)_{t \geq 0}$, define filtration $\mathscr{F}_t = \sigma(W_u : u \leq t)$ Let 0 < p < q < r. Determine $E[W_p W_q W_r]$. ...
81 views

### finding the strike / maturity of warrants given their ISINs

I have a list of French traded warrants identified by their ISINs. I do not know, however, to which stock they refer and what is their strike/maturity. Which datasets allow me to retrieve this ...
140 views

### What are the roles of “Game theory” and “optimisation (linear, integer, conic)” in Finance, Mathematical Finance? [closed]

Would you please give me some information about application of "Game theory" and "Optimisation" in Finance and Mathematical Finance? which is more important to know and learn? How about "multi-...
315 views

### CAPM (SML) Problem

I got 1.3636 for beta for the problem below(165/121). But I became so unsure about the answer when I solved (c) because then the market risk becomes larger than the variance of Stock A. Beta^2*σ(M)^2=...
53 views

### How to map shocks from VAR to news? (Academics)

I am trying to map shocks from VAR to discount-rate and cash-flows news following the paper of Campbell and Vuolteenaho (2004). It is said that news are a linear combination of shocks from VAR at (t+1)...
573 views

### Calibrating an Ornstein Uhlenbeck process on residuals of regression

I am trying a basic statistical arbitrage strategy as follows: Perform PCA on a log return series of a basket of stocks Regress returns against top principal components identified Calculate the ...
46 views

### Interest rate on loan for purchasing Sterling bond

I am struggling trying to find out where they get the $8$% interest rate for the loan you make to purchase the Sterling Bond in the following strategy: Problem: Suppose that $A(0)$ = $100$ and $A(1)$...
591 views

### Portfolio Turnover Constraint

I have a few bonds and OAS and Duration for each. I had a Linear programming type of problem where I had to maximize OAS and keep duration <= constraint. There are few other constraints. I could ...
94 views

### Time Lag for Market Inefficiency

I recalled reading a academic paper that studied how long a market exploitation took to get priced into the market. I am trying to find that article. I remember it stating that the market priced in ...
142 views

### ISLAMIC FINANCE WACC

I need to calculate WACC for copany operating in the coutry with islamic finance system. I used build-up method to calculate cost of equity. But still searching for cost of debt in the economy. Has ...
249 views

### Level II market data (equities)

I have been playing around with some equities historical market data and I understand that different exchanges have different definitions of what Level II (Limit Order Book) data means. What I'm ...
137 views

### Which quantitative tools are actually used for hedging energy price and volume risk?

I'm a finance professor and I am looking for someone with actual trading and risk management knowledge within the energy sector who can tell me about pricing and hedging energy (especially electricity ...
274 views

I am using MATLAB to do an optimisation. The QP minimisation problem is set up in the standard form shown below. The optimisation is used to calculate the weights (x vector in the equation below) of a ...
203 views

### Efficient Frontier Derivation: why minimize half the portfolio variance instead of just the variance?

In Robert Merton's derivation of the efficient frontier of a portfolio, he minimizes $\frac{1}{2}\sigma^2$ over the investment weights in each asset, where $\sigma^2$ represents portfolio variance. ...
268 views

### Interpolating probabilities of default

I have a table of cumulative probabilities of default of industrial bonds, in time and credit rating. It is similar to S&P whitepaper here. Basically, it looks like this (sample numbers): ...
245 views

### Is it fair to assume $(ud=1)$ in the binomial tree option pricing model?

I have discussion with my colleague on why a general assumption $$ud=1$$ in binomial tree option pricing model would be necessary? I take it a simplification of the problem, otherwise, there will be ...
399 views

### How to interpret ACF and PACF plots

I just want to check that I am interpreting the ACF and PACF plots correctly: The data corresponds to the errors generated between the actual data points and the estimates generated using an AR(1)...
377 views

### Law of a geometric brownian motion first hitting time (formula dont match Monte Carlo Simulation)

I posted this question before on MSE I need to use it in a small step in the middle of a simulation and I think I'm not getting correct results to this probabilities and so for my all ...
8k views

### What's the intuition behind DTS(duration times spread) in fixed income?

I am having some difficulty grasping the concept of using DTS to measure credit risk. In the equity world, one typical measure of risk is beta, which is quite well-defined as the exposure to a common ...
277 views

### Data provider for daily futures settlement prices

Is there a data provider that has historical daily settlement prices for download? I'm interested in a provider that spans multiple exchanges.
288 views

### What are the most effective market variables to measure liquidity/illiquidity in the market?

I'm trying to find/create a variable that measures liquidity in financial markets in order to assess, for instance whether credit conditions tightened? Does anyone know any relevant literature ...
73 views

### Is it possible that a security with a positive variance can have a required return that is less than the risk free rate?

I'm not sure of the answer but I think it's possible. What I don't get is what characteristics this asset would need to have and why it would mean that an investor would accept a return less than the ...
81 views

### optimisation problem with linear constraint

I have an optimisation problem. I wish to maximise a function subject to a constraint. It is the constraint that is causing me problems. I am using an addin in Matlab which does the optimisation ...
132 views

### AT1 ratio, Core T1 ration and CET1 ratio

I would like to first know the precise definition of each one of those 3 ratios as well as there differences. On the web there is bit of a mess on the explanations. I could not find a simple and clear ...
393 views

### Text book or distilled guide to market making?

Are there any practical articles, blogs or books that describe common practices in market making and how to calculate and use common measures? The majority of the information I found are research ...
195 views

### GMM time-series regression factor model with factors that are not returns

Factor models with factors that are not returns are usually estimated and tested by cross-sectional regressions. However, there is a way to use time-series regression to estimate and test the model. ...
151 views

### negative transition probabilities in the heston model

I've been trying to implement a bivariate tree for pricing american options with the heston model in R using the paper of Beliaeva and Nawalkha (http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=...
95 views

### Pricing American with floating strike

Consider a American floating strike put option with maturity $T$, written on a non-dividend paying stock $S_t$. The strike of this option at time $t\leq T$ is $Ke^{-r (T-t )}$, where $r$ is the ...
253 views

### Intraday Data - Stylized Facts?

Can someone give an overview or literature on Intraday Data Stylized Facts? In particular for equity market returns or exchange rates.
76 views

### Why interest rate future does not support fed policy on reducing assets buying?

Using the 3-mon eurodollar interest rate futures, I construct a yield curve each year for 2015-2021 using sampling date from the end of the month. If you graphed this out, you would see that the ...
159 views

### Testing Statistical Significance of Various Portfolio Simulations

I'm trying to determine which of my portfolio simulations/backtests if any are good enough to put some money into. I outline an approach below and I'm interested in knowing: What problems are there ...
107 views

### How is USGG10Y (or any tenor) constructed?

I was wondering how the yield curve for US treasuries are constructed (ex. USGG10Y, USGG5Y, etc.). How to compute for it exactly (what deals/quotes are included in it, what financial institutions are ...
850 views

### How to compute for basis adjusted forward rate?

To give you a brief background, I'm valuing a fixed-for-float Interest Rate Swap (IRS) using Bloomberg. I put in a notional amount in (USD) and a assigned 6MO USD LIBOR as the reference index for the ...
657 views

### detecting and measuring lead lag effect

Given two time series data. I remember there is one statistics that tells you one is the leading factor while the other is the lagging factor. However, i do not remember the exact details. correlation ...