# All Questions

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### How can dividend protection be considered in the binomial model in pricing the convertible bond?

If the convertible bond has dividend-protection, how can we cater it in the binomial model? If there is dividend protection at or above 1%, can we impose input of dividend yield of 1% in the ...
4k views

### What does it mean by autocorrelation coefficient near 1?

It is said that the time series has a stochastic trend if the first autocorrelation coefficient will be near 1. Q1) What does it mean by the above statement? Q2) How do we calculate the first ...
332 views

### What are the equation that gives hurst exponent of value >0.7 and <0.3?

I had been working on algorithm which uses the Hurst Exponent. Once i random walk simulation on matlab, x = cumsum(randm(1000,1)), I was able to get a hurst value close to 0.5. To analyze the use of ...
343 views

Given that $e^{r\Delta t}(u+d)-ud-e^{2r\Delta t} = \sigma^2\Delta t$ I would like to show that $u=e^{\sigma\sqrt{\Delta t}}$ I know I must somehow use Taylor's approximation $e^x = 1 + x + ... 0answers 77 views ### Log returns vs Relativizing to Portfolio size of$1

In a current empirical research project, I am tracking a non-parametric measure of a transaction cost. To this extent, I track this cost in two ways Cost in terms of log returns Cost in terms of ...
116 views

### Controlling portfolio concentration

I'm working with a heterogenous basket of instruments (in volatility terms). Risk parity allocation seems to be useful for the portfolio( * 1/Volatility). However, there are times when the ...
161 views

### Volatility swaps historical data

I am preparing a study about Volatility and Variance Swaps. Does anyone know where I can found historical public data regarding this instruments? Thanks!
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### Calculating the sensitivity of the modified bond duration to changes in the coupon rate

Given that $B=Ce^{-y} + Ce^{-2y}+ (100+C)e^{-3y}$ where B is the bond price, C is the coupon. and It is a 3 years annual coupon bond. I want to find $\frac{dD}{dC}$ where $D$ is the modified ...
308 views

### Risk neutral Esscher transform of exponential Levy processes

Let $X_t$ be a Levy Process and $e^{X_t}$ the corresponding exponential Levy process. Using the Esscher transform for a change of measure for which the Radon-Nykodym derivative is ...
2k views

### Definition of Return of A Long/short Portfolio

This can either be a silly question or a question with no sure rigorous answer but defined with some convention. Any way, here it is. What is the (industrial recognized) definition of the return of a ...
90 views

### What is a good index to track short term interest rates?

This is an FX question. I want to track short term (overnight or next best thing) rates for major/em ccys. What's the best way of doing this? Is there an index I can follow? Preferably something ...
44 views

### Characterizing relation “ has no less information than” between information systems represented by Markovian matrices

I crossposted this question on math.stackexchange. Background: Suppose that an investor's utility is both determined by the state and her action taken. A fact of life is that she can't observe the ...
384 views

### Places to make quant code/tools publicly avaliable

Over the years I have developed several tools - including pricing, optimization and calibration tools - most in VBA, C# and C++ I would like to make them publicly avaliable. Aside from putting up my ...
198 views

### Use of geometric mean for average return of several indices

Can anyone give any reference for using the geometric mean to average the returns from several indices? Note, this question is not about the usual use of geometric mean to obtain the average return ...
262 views

### Algorithmic Trading Model Calculation and Stale Data

I'd like ask everyone a more concurrency programming but definitely quant-finance related question. How do you deal with staleness of data in market hours as quote ticks are streaming and your model ...
192 views

### Pricing a bond with variable strike collar with QuantLibXL

I am trying to price a floating rate bond with a capped and floored interest rate. The strikes of the caps and floors vary, but are known in advance. I am trying to do this with QuantLibXL, but I am ...
634 views

### Ex-Ante tracking error how to determine the look back period

I am looking to compare the ex-ante predictions against the post values. I am using a look back period of ranges from 1 year to 5 years to construct my covariance matrix that I am using for my ex-ante ...
77 views

### Minimum PD under Basel II retail asset?

I have been told that under Basel II the minimum PD that one can assign to any portfolio/segment classified under the retail asset class is 0.33%. But Google searches return nothing and I can't seem ...
353 views

### Normally Distributed Returns Become Leptokurtic Due to Compounding

I was running a bunch of simple simulations in excel the other day in excel. Using the NORM.INV(RAND(),0,1) to simulate daily stock returns I noticed that the more compounded the returns, ie, the more ...
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### How do I determine what is a separate objective in a multi-objective portfolio optimization?

Is there a general rule to determining when to separate objectives when developing a multi-objective portfolio optimization? For example, one might start with a standard portfolio optimization of ...
217 views

### Why was NASDAQ(or other index) not fluctuating in 70s and 80s?

Today I have a search of historical NASDAQ back to 70s and noticed the index was slightly increasing in 70s-early 90s and rising up and down in recent decade of years. Why would that happen? The only ...
164 views

### Sharpe Ratio and time spent in loss

Is it possible to express, given an annualized Sharpe Ratio value, what is an expected maximum/average time spent in a draw-down or something in this manner? E.g. with SR of 10, you'd expect to spend ...
95 views

### Pricing a piece of asset whose dividend stream following a Markovian matrix

I'm trying to calculate the result of an simple example on page 326-327, in Harrison and Kreps(1978). It's pricing a piece of asset whose dividend stream is a simple Markovian process. Here's my ...
113 views

### Critique against consumption-based asset pricing theory?

I find asset pricing theory very vague and full of assumptions, especially the consumption-based modern theory. In its essence, the theory states that asset prices depend on the covariance between ...
117 views

### Econometrics - Testing

If we have a time series of returns and two time series of indicators, how would we test the use of these indicators if they are autocorrelated or nonstationary (VAR Models dont produce significant ...
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### Econometrics - Granger Causality

Suppose we have two time series, if one has autocorrelations and the other is non stationary how do we test whether they Granger cause a returns series?
143 views

### Volatility tools / web sites?

Could someone give recommendations regarding volatility tools / web sites that they find useful? I am looking for information that my brokerage platform does not provide. Specifically, I want to see ...
1k views

### Optimal lag length selection criterion in GARCH(p,q) model using MATLAB

As assessed by the title, I'm trying to estimate a GARCH(p,q) model to forecast stock market volatility and, in order to be able to do that, I've to identify the optimal number of lags, p and q, to ...
449 views

### Optimal Executions for Minimizing Slippage

There has been a considerable body of work for finding trading strategies that minimize the slippage wrt arrival price. For instance, the following are on of the most well known papers: [1] Robert ...
257 views

### Call option on a Mutual Fund

I am trying to price a call option on a mutual fund. Given the lack of market implied data, I am going to estimate the fund´s expected volatility using as a reference its historical volatility ...
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### Standard way to represent trend in an a-dimensional way [closed]

Let us suppose that a factory needs to know when certain products are increasing the profit. This factory produces an huge number of products each with different targets. So the factory need to ...
402 views

### Why does it “say” portfolio diversification not suitable during market turmoil?

Currently I am trying to get a hold of MPT, asset allocation and related applications. While reading a particular resource, it says diversification works best for "normal" financial markets and ...
60 views

### Is there evidence that illiquid stocks, held less by institutions, have more price momentum?

(One of) the standard explanation people gave for momentum is under-reaction of stockholders to firm-specific news. If this is true, then it seems that these stocks should have more momentum, and ...
276 views

### Looking for a pricing library supporting Mutli-curve Framework

I am looking for a builder of Yield curves by tenors (O/N, 1M, 3M, 6M, 12M) respect to a given discount curve based on multi-curve framework as described below : Interest-rate Modelling with Multiple ...
216 views

### What is the algorithm for the Fama-Bliss instrument selection?

Fama-Bliss discount bonds are defined through a straight forward calculation (Famma, Bliss 1987). For the purposes of a project I need to derive forward rates, yields &c. for periods not included ...
211 views

### How to perform significance test on transition matrices

Say you have in your hand a transition matrix published by Moody, and you also collected the rating information for a sample of bonds, which you use to form your own transition matrix. How can we use ...
583 views

### Implied probability density (Question 2 - Applications and Interpretation)

Using the second derivative of the Call-Option-Price one can try to recover the pricing density. Formally: Assuming a constant interst rate $r$ and also not making any assumptions on the model ...
117 views

### 2-state HMM / ARMA process?

I have issues with this problem: Let $\{X_t, t\in \Bbb N\}$ be a 2-state stationary Markov chain, with transition $M$ (and $M(1,2)\neq 0 \neq M(2,1)$), let $\{W_t, t\in \Bbb N\}$ be a strong Gaussian ...
132 views

### Tracking delistings on NASDAQ & NYSE

Does anyone know of a webpage (or webpages) of current delistings for NASDAQ & NYSE?
7k views

### How are HFT systems implemented on FPGA nowadays?

I have read about different implementations of HFT systems on FPGAs. Argon HFT system (http://trading-gurus.com/argon-design-an-fpga-based-hft-platform/) Hardware-only implementations or hybrid ...
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### Implied state price density (Question 1 - derivation of the formula)

I came upon the term "implied state price density" in a couple of papers. As far as I understand the concept one basically tries to extract the "pricing density" from the market data. For the sake ...
76 views

### Who is the issuer and the counter part of this instrument?

I have the following SWAP contract : T1UH4 which is a 2-Year Deliverable Interest Rate Swap. Product info : ...
218 views

### The Public Market Equivalent measure in private equity

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Public Market Equivalent measure in private equity? Why is it that the volatility of the cash flows do not matter? This topic has been discussed in a ...
84 views

### Wiener process proof

Can someone prove to me how $dW_t=W_t-W_s$, where $t=s+1$, the difference of the Wiener process eventually equates to $dW_t=z*(dt)^{(1/2)}$ where $z$ is standard normal, $N(0,1)$ in the following ...
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### Attributing change in yield as a result of structural change

Suppose your portfolio has $w_0$ amount of bonds with yield $r_0$. Now you buy additional $w_1$ amount of bonds with yield $r_1$, then buy additional $w_2$ amount of bonds with yield $r_2$. ...
557 views

### Is Behavioral Finance relevant to quants?

This topic has been prompted by the following question: Measuring Behavioral Finance Effects in Fund/Portfolio Manager Analysis After reading it and the comments below I started thinking whether ...
Let's say we want to optimize the a function $f(x_1,\dots, x_n)$ with $(x_1, \dots , x_n) \in \mathbb{D}^n$. For the sake of simplicity let $\mathbb{D}^n$ be the unit sphere. We chose an optimization ...