# All Questions

126 views

### Simple Forward Interest Rate Proof

Just trying to check my logic here: Let $Z(t,T)$ be a Zero-Coupon Bond with maturity $T$ bought at time $t$, $S_m$ be the spot interest rate for time $m$ and $S_n$ for time $n$ respectively, where \$n ...
1k views

### Hedging a Long Equity Swap by Shorting the Stock

Suppose that I enter an Equity Swap, such that I pay a floating rate and I receive the equity return. The payment is every one year for both the rate and the return, and the swap expires in one year. ...
178 views

### Black–Karasinski - Market Price of Risk

In the past I have calibrated simple short rate models to the term structure by using maximum likelihood to get the parameters of the Vasicek/CIR sde, and then use the ZCB formula and the current ...
83 views

### how to calculate avarage variance and avarage covariance

I would like to figure out how to calculate av.variance and av.cov. I know how to calculate portfolio variance( for large ...
3k views

### Why is Value at Risk non-negative?

When reading the book of Financial Risk Forecasting, I saw the following example. I am not very clear about two points marked with yellow and green respectively. ...