# All Questions

1k views

### IMM dates in excel

I need to get the IMM dates in excel. IMM dates are defined as the third Wednesday of every March/June/September/December.
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### Real value of small numbers of shares of company stock

What is the real value of a single share of company stock? Let's ignore the "the value is what someone is willing to pay for it" angle. At some point, there has to be a real inherent value to ...
186 views

### How do you handle order tracking (without unique Lot ID's)

Hypothetical Trade: I buy 10,000 shares of ASTC using a broker API. The order is filled in 4 similar lots; ...
674 views

### Does Fama French Three Factor Model Work out of Sample (after 1993)?

Does anyone know if the Fama-French three factor model has been re-examined empirically after 1993, when the original paper was first published? I am asking because there seems to be considerable ...
670 views

### Backtesting - can you buy/sell at open and closing prices?

In backtesting (nasdaq stocks), I make the assumption that I have the ability buy/sell each day at the opening and closing prices. Is this realistic?
8k views

### Derivation of the tangency (maximum Sharpe Ratio) portfolio in Markowitz Portfolio Theory?

I have seen the following formula for the tangency portfolio in Markowitz portfolio theory but couldn't find a reference for derivation, and failed to derive myself. If expected excess returns of $N$ ...
406 views

### options pricing using vwap

This is a question about why options prices do not take volume into account. The popular option valuation formula "black-scholes" certainly does not account for this and I don't suggest that it does. ...
119 views

### how to make a distribution model tolerable of trend?

I'm building an model on different loans' NPL rate. The problem is NPL rates are always affected by the market. When NPL rates move in trend, my model will fail the back-testing. Assuming $x(t)$ is a ...
166 views

### Estimate weekly, yearly quantities from finite samples

I'd like to estimate from a daily prices serie $P_t$ with $N$ observations a quantity such as the variance of the weekly returns. I will use $\ln\left(\frac{P_{T+5}}{P_T}\right)$ assuming 5 days in a ...
185 views

### Converting time series returns into euro

I am trying to convert various series of returns into one currency (euro). I saw from aprevious post that soemone suggested using conversion factors, where would I find these? Also, given that the ...
94 views

### Why is there no closed-form equation for XIRR?

Everything I have read about XIRR (e.g., as calculated in Excel) says that there is no closed-form equation and it must be calculated by iterated approximation. Could someone give a brief ...
105 views

### Do some option pricing models allow for misspecification and what does it mean?

This is to some extent a theoretical question and maybe we can work together to produce some input and output. Diverse option pricing models are reported to be misspecified in various studies. One ...
126 views

### Calculating company-level market capitalisations from share quantities and values

I want to calculate company-level market cap values for stock exchanges listed by Bloomberg. I gather this can be calculated as the product of share price and the total of shares in circulation. But ...
175 views

### A question on Ito

If we know the dynamics of $S$, then we can estimate the value of $S$ at a time point, $t$. Here, I have a question concerning how to solve for $S_t$ by Itô because I obtained different results by ...
410 views

### Order book depth views preferences: order-by-order vs. total aggregated volume by price levels

Which is best? Or is it irrelevant? Hi! Considering Level 2 Data (Market Depth), I want to understand the advantages to have all the order book on an order-by-order basis (or tick-by-tick basis) ...
46 views

### Is there a different test to check stationarity? [duplicate]

I am using the KPSS test to check stationarity of a financial time series. I would like to know if there is another test to confirm the stationarity. Any advice?
406 views

### Shrinkage Estimator for Newey-West Covariance Matrix

I like to apply the Newey-West covariance estimator for portfolio optmization which is given by $$\Sigma = \Sigma(0) + \frac12 \left (\Sigma(1) + \Sigma(1)^T \right),$$ where $\Sigma(i)$ is the lag ...
592 views

### Black--Scholes hedging argument

I'm trying to understand the standard hedging argument to derive the Black--Scholes PDE. There's one aspect of the derivation which I can't get passed and I'd be very grateful for some clarification ...
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### How to get/estimate ask/bid price for backtesting for OHLC data? [closed]

As you know, most of the EOD data available have only OHLC price. I used to do back-testing using the Close price as both bid and ask. however, in real world, the bid and ask spread is huge and the ...
290 views

### Fluid dynamics for order book depth modelling

Would someone be able to give me an idea what type of fluid dynamics I could look at for modelling the order book? My background is more signals-related maths (correlation, covariance, fourier etc). ...
440 views

### corporate action data

Can someone recommend a good source for corporate action data? I need at the very least: ticker changes, dividends, splits, acquisitions and delistings. I historically used Bloomberg Back Office and ...
133 views

### Is there an API to perform request about stocks and financial derivatives? [closed]

Is there an API to make a request such as: all the companies which thier P/E ratio is greater than 50 ? I know I can crawl google finance and have it locally on my ...
I was wondering whether the option implied probability density of the log returns: $x = \ln\left(\frac{S}{S_0}\right)$ with S the value of a certain stock, is always symmetric ? I was asking myself ...