# All Questions

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### Binomial tree notation

Can someone clarify for me the notation of the nodes in a binomial tree with more than 1 step? Is this notation correct?
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### How to arrive at expectation of negative utility function via Taylor series expansion

I'm attempting to follow an author's steps in an argument and having trouble seeing how Taylor series expansion can be applied to give the stated result. The scenario is as follows. The mid price ...
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### Investor choice problem

Guys I'm stuck with a problem... Consider the portfolio choice problem of a risk-averse individual with a strictly increasing utility function. There is a single risky asset, and a risk free asset. ...
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### Expected value of bivariate lognormal spread

I don´t know how to derivate the Expected Value for the following problem: Suppose that the random vector (S_1, S_2) has a bivariate lognormal distribution with ...
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### What is the difference between market equilibrium and market efficiency? equilibrium implies efficiency?

The market efficiency hypothesis means securities are traded at their fair price. If the market is at the equilibrium, does it mean the market is efficiency? If equilibrium cannot implies efficiency,...
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### Where do Over-allotment (Greenshoe) option shares come from?

I'm just wondering, if following an IPO the share price goes up and the underwriter calls the option, where do those extra 15% shares come from? Does the company have to issue more stock to cover the ...
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### How can I compare two mutual funds' performance with a sparse set of data?

I want to compare the performance of two mutual funds. The only data I have is annual returns for the past 7 years. So I have 7 observations for Fund 1 and 7 observations for Fund 2. In addition, I ...
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### Stochastic calculus: what am I doing wrong?

it is just the computation of a second moment but however is creating debate !!... Can someone spot the error?
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### Difference between ito process, brownian motion and random walk

Can someone explain to a non-math person (myself) what is the difference between these three? If they are so different that a comparison does not even make sense, please point it out. 1.Ito process 2....
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### Pie-chart (or alternative) representation with negative values/liabilities

I'd like to represent graphically/visually a fund/portfolio by something that resembles a pie chart. But... the fund/portfolio contains things that have negative value (think of liabilities such as: ...