# All Questions

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### Is it OK to consider the expected return is zero for stocks when calculating VaR over a short horizon?

I want to implement the approach described in the following recipe for calculating VaR: Is there a step-by-step guide for calculating portfolio VaR using monte carlo simulations I was told that I can ...
40 views

### Why can't we use Finite Differences with non-parabolic PDEs?

The title of the question says it all. Why can we only apply the method to parabolic PDEs like the heat equation, and not to ordinary PDEs?
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### Macaulay Duration: Duration for 2 bonds

Using Macaulay Duration, determine the duration of Bond B if Bond A and B (market value of 600 000 dollars and 400 000 dollars respectively) have a duration of 6.7 years and the duration of A is ...
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136 views

### Has automated trading produced profits at IEX?

Is there evidence that automated trading is profitable on the latency-enforced portion of the exchange? On the one hand, if automated trading was profitable when these limits existed naturally, it ...
61 views

### Why vega increases further out in time

Why do back months options have a higher vega than front month options? If possible , kindly explain on an intuitive level without a lot of math.
70 views

### Computing the minimum variance portfolio

Given two risky assets and their corresponding covariance matrix, how do I compute the global minimum variance portfolio, its standard deviation and its expected return?
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### at c(x)% “where x is a numerical figure”, what does that c mean?

When i read financial news, sometimes, there is cX% (where X is a number). Below are few examples: 1. "improving to c4% on a proforma basis" 2. "market share is now c6% of the ..." What does that c ...
186 views

### Bootstrapping zero-rates from AUD swap rates

I have a pay fixed / receive floating interest-rate-swap on the AUD BBSY that I'd like to price for the purposes of accounting. I understand the general process to be as follows (assuming ...
82 views

### Online algorithm for selecting smoothing parameter?

In Online Algorithms in High-frequency Trading the authors demonstrate online, exponentially-weighted algorithms for mean, variance, and linear regression. The authors estimate their smoothing ...
114 views

### What are the parameters of the function PORTVAR in Matlab?

According to the Matlab help, Portvar will give the "Variance for portfolio of assets" by entering the returns of the Assets and the corresponding weight. However, it does not explain the parameters ...
31 views

### Transaction Costs Measure ATOP: What does it mean and exactly measure?

I went through some presentations about LowVol strategies for some indices. In the presentations were tables with average returns, vola, Sharp ratio and ATOP. I have no clue what this ATOP is supposed ...
149 views

### Investment: Bond vs Equity

I was talking to a friend recently and he asked me the following question. If I have a device which perfectly (with 100% accuracy) predicts that both a bond (e.g. AAA rated government bond) and the ...
199 views

### VIX options historical data

I'm looking at these data: call and put options on VIX. I'm interested in daily quotes (all strikes and maturities) for - at least - 2009/10. Could you list link of possible sources? and possibily ...
88 views

### Variance calculation

How could I calculate variance when I have a snapshot of a portfolio that shows the following for each stock: Purchase Price, Close Price, Change in value, Change in percentage, Shares owned, ...
87 views

### Backtesting software with custom data input

I was considering to develop a custom backtesting platform for myself. However, I see that it would require some significant time and effort, and the result might not be as initially expected. So I ...
51 views

### Calculating “Market Index Dividend Yield” of the ASX

In attempts to establish an investment portfolio with a long term horizon, the method of relative dividend yield has caught my attention. I require the Market Index Dividend Yield to proceed. The ...
132 views

### How to compute the historical VaR for a portfolio with long and short positions?

I would like to calculate historical Value at Risk for a portfolio that includes both long and short positions in forward contracts. The part that confuses me is that I wonder whether the VaR of the ...
My book assumes many times that $log(1+R)$ is normally distributed, so R is log-normal. But does this also mean that the value process is log-normal? Since $V=V_0(1+R)\rightarrow V/V_0=1+R$, and since ...