# All Questions

100 views

### Second Moment of Stock Process

I have a stock process which I have decided to model as $$S_T=S_t\exp((r-q-\frac{1}{2}\sigma^2)(T-t)+\sigma(W_T-Wt))-D_T$$ where $D_T$ is a cash dividend at time $T$. This dividend is known. I then ...
74 views

### Order flow intensity

I am interested in how to calculate order flow intensity. I got access to high frequency data and can simulate a limit order book. What is the best approach if I want to calculate order flow intensity?...
90 views

### Modelling callable bonds in a risk model (historical simulation)

What is a best-practice example on how to model callable bonds in a risk model - I focus on historical simulation (HS). For plain-vanilla bonds the input factors for historical simulation could be ...
66 views

129 views

### difference between caplet and call

I wanted to know the difference between a caplet and a call. In my course (Interest rate models and curves) , we said that a caplet is a call option. Is it really true? Thanks
109 views

### How is fundamental data taken into account when modelling stock prices with a Geometric Brownian Motion?

I have a basic understanding of the principles behind Geometric Brownian Motion and how it can be used to model stock prices, however I am confused as to how it is used in practice. In particular, how ...
71 views

### Where can I find Value at Risk & Expected shortfall for ETF's?

I'm struggling to find VaR & ES data for ETF's on websites such yahoo finance & Morningstar. Where can I find this data? Thanks,
113 views

### How to price touch options using quantlib?

I am new to quantlib and I want use it to to price a touch option (single/double). I searched on google for example code but I could not find anything. Hence, I am ...
46 views

### Stressing the going up of LIBOR - Which balance sheet variables to stress?

Analysts expect the LIBOR to rise in the next two years. Hence, all companies that have foreign currency loans will face problems. I am preparing a study on this topic, but data is an extreme issue. ...
216 views

### Swap Rate vs Par Rate

If we calculate the par rate for n periods, why does the nth swap rate equal the par rate? A mathematical formulation would be helpful apart from an intuitive answer. Edit: Example:- A 2 year ...