# All Questions

72 views

### Infinite autocorrelation - Unit root?

I have a time series of gold prices, on which I want to build an ARIMA model. The series is autocorrelated and if I can difference as often as I want, it always is. First: data: d1gold Dickey-Fuller ...
406 views

### Beta of FTSE100 stocks against benchmark index FTSE100

first post so if I write something silly don't hold it against me. I calculated beta for almost all the stocks that compose the FTSE100. All have beta < 1. This, as far as I understand it, means ...
117 views

### investors hold efficient portfolios because generally they are risk averse

I'm trying to find a concept on this question,in my understanding investors differ on risk preference,the question said investors hold efficient portfolios because they are generally risk averse? ...
184 views

### What does it mean if $\beta$ is insignificant in the CAPM model?

What can we say about an asset which $\beta$ calculated using the CAPM model (regressing the excess returns of the stock vs excess returns of the market) is insignificant?
44 views

### GNP/GDP and modelling [closed]

Is GNP a continuous, static or a dynamic model ? What about GDP ? What I do know is that it has yearly discrete values. However, when it is modeled, it becomes a continuous graph. So what exactly is ...
307 views

### Modeling Financial Time Series

Price time series are not stationary. So we difference them and get the return time series, which are stationary. Does this mean, it is always a good idea to model only the return series of financial ...
626 views

### Databases for storing and querying high frequency tick-level data?

My firm is looking for an out-of-the-box database system to store and query high-frequency tick data. What are the best options? It seems that kdb+ is the market leader in this field.
125 views

### How to derive equivalent martingale measure using Ito's Lemma

Can someone explain how to get equation 27.14 below? I understand the first usage of Ito's Lemma to get $d(\ln f-\ln g)$ but I do not understand how to use Ito's Lemma to go from $d(\ln \frac{f}{g})$ ...
117 views

### Derive instantaneous forward rate

Given that $P(0,T)=e^{-RT}$, how does one get the formula for the instantaneous forward rate below? Specifically, how does one get to the partial derivative in the formula? I'm sure the answer is ...
72 views

### Making portfolios better than others for a 16 week portfolio game? [closed]

I'm going to participate in a game of making portfolios. The objective of the game is to make the portfolio with the bigger ROI over 16 weeks. Over each week every player can see the ROI of each ...
276 views

### How to price this option using the Black Scholes model?

I have a question regarding regular option pricing. In the standard Black-Scholes model, with interest r and volatility $\sigma$, I have to eetermine the arbitrage free price at time $t$ of an ...
139 views

### list of ADR's by volume or market cap

I'm looking for a list of ADR's (for a simulation) that I can screen by either market cap or volume? If anyone knows of a free way to get such a list it would be much appreciated.
159 views

### Accessible HTF? (Slippage reduction)

I designed an strategy that operates with 30-second bars on e-mini SP500. It works fine in the back-testing and the out-sample, also performs well in every walk-forward test I have tried. But, when ...
505 views

I am reading a paper that very briefly talks about some volatility arbitrage strategies. It's so brief that I do not exactly understand how it works. It says one of the strategy is based on "short ...
385 views

### Difference between VaR and credit VaR?

Quick question: is there a difference between credit VaR and VaR or are they the same thing?
122 views

### Volatility swaps historical data

I am preparing a study about Volatility and Variance Swaps. Does anyone know where I can found historical public data regarding this instruments? Thanks!
171 views

### How to obtain specific information on FX trading systems?

I'm trying to compare trading venues using a quantitative product selection matrix (and eventually software vendors using a different matrix specifically for vendors), and I was wondering if anyone ...
891 views

### Asset-or-nothing Option Valuation in the Black and Scholes model

In standard Black-Scholes Model, compute the price of an asset-or-nothing put and asset-or-nothing call options. Write down the put-call parity relation between the asset-or-nothing call and put ...
42 views

### What is shorting a asset that has negative price. Can anyone give me an example? [closed]

What is shorting a asset that has negative price. Can anyone give me an example?
66 views

How does buying back stock affect a company's credit spread? Would it cause it to get smaller? Any clarification would be appreciated.
449 views

### I want to keep a column in getSymbols or get.hist.quote with the Date as as.Date format [closed]

I use getSymbols to download historical information over an environment with 200 tickers but I cannot seem to keep the date information from becoming an index. I ...
111 views

### Change of order size

For example I am put a limit order of size 10 at top bid. moments later, my algorithm detects we should have size of 50 here. So we request a update on this order. My question is, will we lose the ...
78 views

### Are proof-of-work systems used by exchanges?

Are there any proof-of-work systems used by exchanges? If not, are there any interesting proposals worth reading? In principle, there might be applications for proof-of-work systems in preventing ...
234 views

### How is holding an European call option equivalent to holding an asset-or-nothing call option and writing a cash-or-nothing call option?

The cash-or-nothing call option has a payoff that is equal to the strike price. All three options have the same expiry date.
88 views

### Calculate price of index from underlyings (weightings included)?

I have a day's worth of LSE data (FTSE100 companies) and I also have their weightings for the FTSE100. Ignoring the net present value of money, how do I calculate the current value of the FTSE? I ...
131 views

### Parameters for numerically fitting t-distribution to log-returns

I am fitting the t-distribution to log-returns numerically (not using R, MATLAB, Stata, etc.), but rather using general programming. Assuming the log-return values are $r_t$, and the $t$-variates are ...
211 views

### Is the risk-reward ratio considered in Quantitative Finance?

Many discretionary traders swear by risk-reward ratio, as in "The minimum risk-reward ratio for a Forex trade is 1:2." Do quantative traders use risk-to-reward ratio as well? If so, how do you ...
579 views

### Determine state price vectors?

I have 3 states with two assets, stocks and bonds. The bond has a payoff of 1 in every state of the world. And the stock has a current price of $S_0 = 100$ and ...
296 views

### Calculating Greeks in Covered Calls?

Just want to confirm whether Delta, Gamma, Theta, Vega will be calculated in the following way? Since we own 100 shares of stock while selling a call we need to subtract greek value from one? right? ...
328 views

### How to plot custom hourly data into R with quantmod?

I'm trying to get into R because for some personal project, I need R and quantmod to create OHCL charts for me. I'm stuck at the candleChart creation step, and I'm not sure I understand why. Using a ...
114 views

### VIX Calculations/Which product?

If the spot VIX is the implied vol off of the options on the SPX Index. But which tradable product would that be? Can’t you technically only buy ETF’s that track the SPX (SPY) or buy the ES futures. ...
457 views

### backtesting with open, close, high and low

I am quite notice at the business of backtesting for an automated strategy. I was wondering, can I/should I use High and Low for this purpose? On one hand, the algorithm will see these prices, but on ...
167 views

### Asynchronous Data Across Time Zones - RiskMetrics

I'm currently involved with a project to integrate RiskMetrics into our business and one issue we've identified is the treatment of market data timing across time zones. This can have the effect of ...
222 views

### Black model - volatility estimation

In the Black (1976) model: We should use the settlement prices of the underlying futures contract in order to estimate the volatility, right? Or can we also use the spot prices? Because the ...
1k views

### How to calculate return rates with negative prices?

I'm dealing with electricity options and I'm considering the possibilty of negative prices. I want two estimate the historic volatility. However, an arithmetic mean doesn't feel appropriate and ...
540 views

### Zero Curve Calculation for AUD, CAD (post LIBOR scandal)

In the end of May 2013 British Bankers Association (BBA) stopped publishing LIBOR rates for Australian and Canadian dollars in a light of recent scandals. LIBOR rates were essential for creating zero ...
995 views

44 views

### can an fx forward price simply be divided into 1 to quote the inverse?

Qu 1. Say I ask for EURUSD 1 week and get prices: 1.120986 / 1.120216 Does that mean to price USDEUR 1 week I can divide 1 / 1.120216 and 1 / 1.120986 and get rates: 0.8921 / 0.8927 Or is that ...
16 views

### Raw (level) variable is significant while log return is not significant

I know this might be an "amateur" question, but I am pretty surprised to see the following fact: I have a dependent variable, let's call it Y. Then I have an independent variable, let's call it X. ...