# All Questions

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### Investor choice problem

Guys I'm stuck with a problem... Consider the portfolio choice problem of a risk-averse individual with a strictly increasing utility function. There is a single risky asset, and a risk free asset. ...
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### Expected value of bivariate lognormal spread

I don´t know how to derivate the Expected Value for the following problem: Suppose that the random vector (S_1, S_2) has a bivariate lognormal distribution with ...
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### What is the difference between market equilibrium and market efficiency? equilibrium implies efficiency?

The market efficiency hypothesis means securities are traded at their fair price. If the market is at the equilibrium, does it mean the market is efficiency? If equilibrium cannot implies efficiency,...
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### Where do Over-allotment (Greenshoe) option shares come from?

I'm just wondering, if following an IPO the share price goes up and the underwriter calls the option, where do those extra 15% shares come from? Does the company have to issue more stock to cover the ...
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### How can I compare two mutual funds' performance with a sparse set of data?

I want to compare the performance of two mutual funds. The only data I have is annual returns for the past 7 years. So I have 7 observations for Fund 1 and 7 observations for Fund 2. In addition, I ...
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### portfolio optimization with uncertain returns

What is the usual method of dealing with many uncertain mean returns in portfolio optimization? For example say you have a 3 asset portfolio with assets A, B and C. All the correlations and variances ...
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### Does a call calendar lose its entire value if underlying increases well past the strike?

If I buy a call calendar spread, and the underlying increases, both options are in the money by the expiry of the short call. So both options increase in value, but the short one increases less ...
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### Daily or weekly data?

I am trying to test a strategy but do not know if I should use daily or weekly data? I have tried researching this & have found that daily data will bring " too much " noise compared to lower ...
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### How can I forecast future correlation?

There are some standard models for forecasting volatility (e.g., GARCH) and for forecasting returns (e.g., factor models). What kind of standard models exist for forecasting future correlation between ...