# All Questions

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### How to construct the binomial model for European option?

The annual interest rate is 5.3% and the annualized volatility of a non-dividend paying stock over the next six months will be 12.5% (annualized). i) Construct binomial trees of 5, 10 and 30 periods ...
377 views

### How to think about dollar volume in Eurodollar futures?

This is a very basic question: Computing the notional volume for futures contracts usually consists of something like: $V_F = N * P * M * FX$ Where $V_F$ is the dollar volume of the futures ...
81 views

### Bond duration as estimation to holding return

I am really struggling to prove to myself that when we can estimate the one-year holding period return for a three-year zero by using the following estimation: S3 - Duration2*(f1,3- S3) Where Sn is ...
100 views

### Modelling interest rate: AR(2) modelling

I have a time series of spread that follows an $AR(2)$ (Autoregressive model of Order 2). I need an interest rate model that represents that dynamics. What model should I use?
2k views

### Are DV01 (or PV01) and IR01 one and the same?

IR01 measures the sensitivity of a portfolio or derivative to a parallel shift in the yield curve. Sometimes this is DV01 Dollar value (or PV01 present value). Is it always?
122 views

### Physical Option Implied Distribuition

So I got risk neutral probabilities from stock option prices. How can I then map them to a physical measure?
286 views

### Easier references to understand “The Asset Pricing and Portfolio Choice Theory” of Back Kerry

I'm trying to read the excellent book "The Asset Pricing and Portfolio Choice Theory" of Back Kerry, but find it too much difficult. I really need to read it but before I assume that I may need to ...
50 views

### What mean factor behind a yield?

When quoting a yield of a transaction e.g. yield 3.8% behind the yield it is quote "factor" - in this case of a yield of 3.8% it is mentioned in brackets (factor 26.11) . The lower the yield the ...
131 views

### “Real” DMA to Options Markets

I'm looking for a broker with DMA to large options markets (CME, ISE, CBOE). Broker should be HFT friendly, i.e. offer fast API, low fees for huge amount of trades and so on. Price is not an issue. ...
70 views

### Input for unanticipated risk premium estimation

In the paper "Economic Forces and the Stock Market" by Chen, Roll and Ross, unanticipated risk premium (URP) is tested as a potential risk factor for stock returns. This factor is commonly calculated ...
59 views

### Inferring the maximum drawdown depth for a different sample size

Let's say there's a trading system that has a 10 % chance of getting a maximum drawdown >= 50 % over a sample of ...
116 views

### Black (1976) model: boundary conditions with non-convergence of spot and forward prices

Let's suppose we have a futures contract F in a market where the relation $$F(t,T)=S(t)e^{r(T−t)}$$ doesn't hold. What are the the boundary conditions for the derivation of the Black (1976) ...
92 views

### DCF of Arbitrary Dates Cash Flows

I am having a problem understanding discounted cash flows. I appreciate your patience and help. Lets say I have a bond that I want to price. ...
241 views

### CME historical option data provider

Is there any other historical end-of-day CME option data provider rather then CME DataMine? I've searched all the internet and found only CBOE traded options.
28 views

### Historic market cap/outstanding shares [duplicate]

Is there someway to get the historic market capitalization/outstanding shares of stocks traded in US exchanges ?
27 views

### explanation for preference of volatilities in option premium quotes [duplicate]

could any one suggest an explanation for why premium in option markets (currency or otherwise) are quoted as volatilities rather than (premium/abs(spot price - settlement price)) or some other ...
96 views

### Is there a strong solution to $\frac{dS}{S}=\sigma(S)dw$?

Does someone know if there is a strong solution for this SDE : $$\frac{dS_t}{S_t}=\sigma(S_t)dW_t$$ where $$\sigma(S)=\begin{cases} 1\;\;\;S>1\\2\;\;\;S\leq 1 \end{cases}$$ $S_0=1$ and $W_t$ is ...
278 views

### what is a reasonable beta in CAPM?

I want to predict expected returns for assets using a CAPM, to calculate unexpected (unpredictable, idiosyncratic, non-systemic) returns in portfolios. My CAPM estimated on monthly total gross ...
287 views

### Time-varying correlation via state-space representation and Kalman filter

Let a linear time-varying mode like this one: $y_{t}=\alpha_{t}+\beta_{t}x_{t}+\epsilon_{t}$. You can also suppress the constant term to simplify this example: $y_{t}=\beta_{t}x_{t}+\epsilon_{t}$. ...
73 views

### Real value of small numbers of shares of company stock

What is the real value of a single share of company stock? Let's ignore the "the value is what someone is willing to pay for it" angle. At some point, there has to be a real inherent value to ...
674 views

### fetch from yahoo! finance database - varying number of ticks

To test a model with real-life data, I used the fetch-function in matlab to connect to the database of yahoo! finance. My code to try and get 7 different assets' returns is the following: ...
149 views

### close form for stochastic integral

I am new to stochastic calculus. Can I know how to compute the close-form solution for $$\int_0^t \exp(\alpha s - \sigma W_s) \; ds$$ and $$\int_0^t \exp(\alpha s - \sigma W_s) \; dW_s.$$ I encounter ...
277 views

### Fluid dynamics for order book depth modelling

Would someone be able to give me an idea what type of fluid dynamics I could look at for modelling the order book? My background is more signals-related maths (correlation, covariance, fourier etc). ...
36 views

### How to make a historical index of a group of materials in which the set of materials changes every month?

The question may sound simple however for the moment it is a brainteaser to get it right, let me explain: the exercise is to be done on +/- 200 groups of materials (matgroups) one matgroup can ...
258 views

### Simple EOD computations for tick data

As part of End-Of-Day calculations once a particular market/exchange has closed for all the tickers traded on that market one may typically compute the following properties: OHLC Bid/Ask Price ...
72 views

### % Return on backtest with variable positions and notional amounts

I have a 14 year backtest for a systematic strategy that uses a static notional per each position. On any given day I could have multiple positions long and short and notional long and short. How do ...
196 views

### Required Rate of Return vs Expected Return

I faced a problem that gives the following information: market risk premium, and risk free rate is given You currently have a portfolio of amount of x, beta b1. Now there is a new investment ...
257 views

### Initial margin requirement as percentage, not dollar value

Problem from Finan, FM/2 On 12-30-1998, you decided to bet on the January effect. ON that day, you bought 400 shares of Microsoft on margin at the price of 139 per share. The initial margin ...
141 views

### Exact value of mean reversion rate knowing terminal value of the process

Let you have the following mean reverting process: $\text{d}x_{t}=a(\theta-x_{t})\text{d}t$, where the diffusion term is absent, that is this process is not stochastic. Let you know the value of ...
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### How can index futures trade 24/7 when the index doesn't change?

I have read that the E-Mini S&P 500 Futures trade 24/7, how is that possible? I mean the underlying stocks which form the index are traded from 9:30am-4pm - so outside of these hours the S&P ...