# All Questions

1k views

### Understanding the concept of Martingale pricing

I am a bit confused about how to formulate a problem where I have to price an option on a stock. Many papers say that stock prices are best modeled using a geometric Brownian motion (GBM), and I ...
673 views

### How to explain the path dependency in binomial tree model to price options?

I'm new to quantitative finance, so I'm confused with the so-called path dependency in binomial tree model. Originally I thought the path dependency exists because in binomial tree model, we will ...
99 views

### Dividend Index Futures

My question is dealing with the proportionality between Dividend Index Futures prices and Index prices. Indeed, we in the past we used to do a simple regression between these variables and use the ...
225 views

### How to synthesize a futures spread option?

Is it possible to synthesize a futures spread option using only the options on the spread's underlyings? If so, how? If not, is there another way? As an example, please show me how to synthesize ...
116 views

### Analysing FX Data

When analysing currencies, the data always comes in pairs so it is hard to normalise a multivariate time series of data e.g. if I have GBPvsUSD, EURvsUSD and CADvsUSD then changes in the US economy ...
715 views

### what's the difference between Peak-Load pricing and price discrimination?

i just don't get it. Peak-load pricing wiki page gives example: in public goods such as public urban transportation, where day demand (peak period) is usually much higher than night demand ...
376 views

### Interpretation of cross-correlation matrix when one sample distribution is not normal

I am looking at the variance of (log) price changes in securities vs. the amount of social media discussion about them. I'm not interested in building a model. I'm just looking to see if there is a ...
256 views

### Risk and Reward in practice

My question is a bit philosophical. As a risk manager I often have to tell portfolio managers to reduce risk (e.g. due to VaR limits or exposure limits). Then usually the discussion arises that if ...
183 views

### moody's credit ratings for senior unsecured bonds

Can 2 senior unsecured bonds from the same obligor have different moody's credit ratings? Or do they both have to have the same rating because they are in the same capital structure? Thanks
218 views

I need to calculate the dirty price of a US T bond given the below details: Assume the coupons on a U.S. Treasury bond are paid on January 1st and July 1st. The bond has a par of $1,000 and pays a ... 1answer 154 views ### Parameters for numerically fitting t-distribution to log-returns I am fitting the t-distribution to log-returns numerically (not using R, MATLAB, Stata, etc.), but rather using general programming. Assuming the log-return values are$r_t$, and the$t$-variates are ... 1answer 1k views ### converting US tickers into Reuters RIC [duplicate] I have a large list of US equity tickers such as: "GIRO", "ITUB", "BITA" etc and I would like to convert them into their corresponding RIC codes. Do you know how can I do it? I have access to ... 1answer 309 views ### the law of comparative advantage and exchange rate I'm reading Steven N. S. Cheung 's "Economic Explanation" (2001). In vol 2 ch 2 section 2, he mentions Comparative Cost, or "the law of comparative advantage". after quoting the britain/spain ... 1answer 193 views ### interpreting huge jumps i have been working on this trading system that uses digital filters to generate signals. the system works fine during normal market hours. but it goes haywire when there is news release. i have ... 1answer 127 views ### How to calculate implied vol for next trading day? We can seem to get implied vol for a period from now to option expiration, but does anything tell us implied vol for the next trading day ? Like if fomc is tomorrow the next day implied vol would be ... 0answers 436 views ### R or Matlab code for Multi-Barrier-Options (3 or more underlyings) I am looking for R or Matlab code examples of multi-barrier-options (or multi-barrier reverse convertibles) with at least 3 underlyings. Do you have such code or can you point me to a place where I ... 2answers 187 views ### Mitigating gateway delay A trading system has$n$colocated uplinks to TCP order entry gateways$g_1, \dots, g_n$on a given exchange. Each gateway$g_i$has a different order entry delay function$d_i(t)$as a function of ... 1answer 492 views ### Bond Convexity Treasuries Futures I know long duration bonds, on a a single bond basis, exhibit convexity however do treasury futures prices and the 10 yr yield exhibit the same property? Below is a plot of continious ten year ... 0answers 120 views ### The basic principle of the construction a portfolio of options I have a question like this. Assume today's date is 9 January 2016 and XYZ's share price stands at$10. On 8 November 2016 there is a Presidential election and you believe that depending on who is ...
307 views

I have calculated a hedge ratio that generates a mean reverting spread (stationary, without trends) 60-70% of the time. But the remaining 30% of the time, it seems like there is a trend in the spread. ...
929 views

### How to sum interest rate curves in QuantLib

C++ code taken from Bonds.cpp and slightly amended: ...
96 views

### LSM American Option pricing with dividends

Under the Longstaff-Schwartz LSM method for an American call, how should I account for a continuous dividend paying stock? I assume that it'll needs to be accounted for when simulating the underlying ...
592 views

### How to compute the Radon-Nikodym derivative?

Suppose $B(t)$ is a standard Brownian motion, and $B_{1}(t)$ is given by $dB_{1}(t)=\mu dt+dB(t)$. Suppose $P$ is the Wiener measure induced by $B(t)$ on the $C[0,\infty)$, and $P_{1}$ is the Law ...
135 views

### What happens at market open when there is a reverse spread during preopen?

During pre-open When checking the depth of one particularly bullish stock I am following (NZE:XRO went up 200% this year and 12% yesterday) I saw that the BUYs were much higher than the ASKs by about ...
1k views

### Consensus on Cauchy distribution for stock prices

What is the general consensus for using a Cauchy distribution to model stock prices? I can't find much after researching online and wonder if it has been tried and discarded. My motivation is to find ...
207 views

### Quantitative finance mentality for success [closed]

I have a strong statistical background (particularly in Time Series analysis) and previously have spent a lot of time modelling sports, Baseball in particular. After reading "Analysis of Financial ...
175 views

### What is the stochastic differential of a general semimartingale?

By using the canonical representation of a semimartingale in Eberlein, Glau and Papapantoleon's "Analysis of Fourier Transform Valuation Formulas and Applications", on page 3: H = B + H^c + h(x) ...
370 views

### Risks of issuing an Autocallable Note

Let's say that I'm issuing an Autocallable Note with the following features: Underlying: FTSE 100 Autocall Observation Frequency: Annual Observation Autocall Level: 100% of Initial Level of FTSE ...
215 views

### Is the risk-reward ratio considered in Quantitative Finance?

Many discretionary traders swear by risk-reward ratio, as in "The minimum risk-reward ratio for a Forex trade is 1:2." Do quantative traders use risk-to-reward ratio as well? If so, how do you ...
185 views

### How to value VIX Option?

Could someone tell me a common method for pricing VIX Options please? Do I need to use a Stochastic Vol Model? Or Local Vol Model is suitable as well? Should the model be modelling S&P 500 and ...
222 views

### How to properly take averages to reduce data in regression/panel data analysis

I'm trying to do a regression on my panel data. Say I have T=3500 days of data and N=125 firms. Since Matlab get's major memory issues (which I try to prevent by the usual solutions as seen on the ...
211 views

### Trouble arriving at Black-Scholes Formula

I am attempting to arrive at the Black-Scholes formula for my own understanding. I can accept one can use the risk-free distribution & rate, so I am attempting to use the distrution to arrive at ...
65 views

### Why does graphic of log first difference of renminbi look similar to hkd?

This is CNY to US$: This is HKD to US$: Below are the log of the first difference of both graphs above: You can see that apparent similarity on the middle of graph. I thought that they were ...
408 views

### Risk-free investment strategy for european call and put option

I have some trouble solving the following question: We have an european call and put option (with the same maturity date $T$ en strike $E=10$). The stock price now is $S=11$ and we use a continuous ...
3k views

### Algorithm to fit AR(1)/GARCH(1,1) model of log-returns

I am fitting numerically an AR(1)/GARCH(1,1) process to index and stock log-returns, $r_t=\log(P_t/P_{t-1})$, where $P_t$ is the price at time $t$, and thus far am not clear on where the observed log ...
288 views

### For pricing, what types of Exotic Options are suitable using Local Volatility Model / Stochastic Volatility Model?

I understand that Stochastic Vol Models should be used when Exotic Option payoff is Volatility dependent (such as Variance Swaps and Volatility Swaps). Stochastic Vol Models should also be used when ...