# All Questions

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### How are ETF fees deducted? What happens if you short an ETF?

When I buy an ETF, the ETF issuer wants a certain management fee (expense ratio). How is this usually paid? I've read that this might be deducted from dividends - is this the case? How does it work ...
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### BSM Model - Actual probability

Actual probability of exercise of put option under BSM model is: PD = N(-d2(u)) (using expected return of stock, u) Risk-neutral equivalent is ...
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### Two-period binomial model for American option

Consider a two-period binomial model for a risk asset with each period equal to a year and take $S_0 = 1$, $u = 1.5$, and $l = 0.6$. The interest rate for both periods is $R = .1$. a.) Price ...
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### Modeling Interest-only Mortgages

First post on this forum - happy to be here. Please give feedback if this is off-topic so I can more meaningfully contribute moving forward. Can we infer a range of future all-in costs for I/O ARMs ...
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### PnL Explained Using Scenario(Full Reval Model)

I was wondering if any quant guru can help . How to calculate the PnL explained using full reval aka scenario based = > t - (t-1) approach for linear instrument. I am finding difficulty to understand ...
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### How to calculate the initial payment of a graduated payment mortgage (GPM). Real estate Mortgage analysis

My professor used this: 12%, monthly-pmt, 30-yr GPM with 4 annual step- ups of 7.5% each, then constant after year 4: ...
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### Affect of choosing different combinations of variables for multivariate regression [closed]

If I have variables x1,x2,x3,and x4 that have correlation coefficients −0.9,−0.5,0.5, and 0.9 to another variable y, what is the effect of choosing different combinations of them in a multivariate ...
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### Marginal Distribution using GARCH model

I have n return series. I fitted AR(1)-GARCH(1,1) to each return series. Then used PIT(residuals) to transform the residuals to uniform. Then I fitted n dim copula to the data. I simulated 1000 points ...
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### How to Rank assets in Portfolio? [closed]

I am working on active equity Portfolio. I have total 30 securities in my Portfolio. Can someone please guide me how can I rank those assets in my portfolio. ...
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### Initiating new orders with active “order-session” only?

Is it a must to establish "quote-session" & subscribing to quotes/market data before initiating a "New Order-single(Market-GTC)"? I actually can't see any use of quote-session for trading ...
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### what do metrics and indicatives mean in the finance context? Like trading of MBS products

it's often heard in my daily work as a programmer in an investment bank, supporting mortgage backed securities desks (passthrough, agency cmo, cmbs, etc). My take is that the terms describe the ...
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### How to calculate price in non-competitive bidding that bidders will receive?

Following bids are received in treasury bond auction. Notified amount is Rs.20,000Million. No amount devolves on the RBI/PDs. No. Of bonds/ Price(Rs.) 46/ 110.185 45/ ...
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### Methodologies behind shocking a composite index instrument, what assumption distinguishes these?

Suppose I have a composite index (rebalancing or non-rebalancing) that at present time has some base value $B_{\text{base}}$ in some base economy. I am in the process of shocking the economy on which ...
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### How can I discover dark pool orders in an order book?

I'm learning order flow. I would like to differentiate between aggregated dark pool volume and aggregated algo trading volume. Is there a way to tell orders coming from a dark pool from algo orders? ...
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### Beta in Capital Structure [closed]

Can anyone please explain how do I get this: $$\beta_e = \beta_a +(\beta_a - \beta_d) \times D/E$$ from $$K_e =K_a +(K_a − K_d) \times D/E.$$
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### Local volatility grids - Monte carlo - Implementation [closed]

I read the paper "Monte Carlo pricing with local volatility grids" (authors: D.F. Abasto, B. Hientzsch and M.P. Kust) and I would like to know if anyone on this forum had a chance to implement it as I ...
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### Bloomberg Currency Exchange Rate Data (London and New York)

I'm new to Bloomberg terminals (a paper I'm reading uses data from a terminal - my first exposure) and I'm having trouble figuring out how to download a few different time series: (1) daily closing ...
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### Parametric VaR of a portfolio including a swap

I am calcualting the parametric VaR of a portfolio that includes among other things an IRS swap that begins in the exact same day the valuation is done. Therefore, its NPV is 0 and I do not which ...