# All Questions

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### Has automated trading produced profits at IEX?

Is there evidence that automated trading is profitable on the latency-enforced portion of the exchange? On the one hand, if automated trading was profitable when these limits existed naturally, it ...
14 views

### Correction factors for volatilities of smoothed returns

In An Introduction to High Frequency Finance (http://www.amazon.ca/Introduction-High-Frequency-Finance-Ramazan-Gen%C3%A7ay/dp/0122796713), the authors (on page 253) build a tick-frequency volatility ...
488 views

### Replicating portfolio and risk-neutral pricing for interest rate options

For equity options, the pricing of options depends on the existence of a replicating portfolio, so you can price the option as the constituents of that replicating portfolio. However, I am not seeing ...
51 views

### Calculation of Returns and Risk Metrics for L/S Portfolio

I am trying to build a test for a long/short portfolio. I am aiming for market neutral and have put together a long portfolio as well as a short portfolio (see below). However, I am not sure if I am ...
748 views

### Why should we expect geometric Brownian motion to model asset prices?

Disclaimer: I am a complete ignoramus about finance, so this may be an inappropriate forum for me to ask a question in. I am a mathematician who knows nothing about finance. I heard from a popular ...
12k views

### How to simulate stock prices with a Geometric Brownian Motion?

I want to simulate stock price paths with different stochastic processes. I started with the famous geometric brownian motion. I simulated the values with the following formula: ...
16 views

### How to manage risk on a call calendar when underlying is falling

Let us say I bough a call calendar spread. Now, at expiry of the short option, the underlying has decreased significantly, and I am approaching my max loss(i.e both the options are close to 0). In ...
18 views

What is the reason that volatility trading is mostly touted as an institutional trade? And something unsuitable for retail traders? Do you need to have substantial capital, risk free rate of ...
336 views

### Geometric Brownian motion - Volatility Interpretation (in the drift term)

A Geometric Brownian motion satisfying the SDE $dS_t = rS_t dt+\sigma S_t dW_t$ has the analytic solution $$S_t = S_0\exp\left\{\left(r-\frac{\sigma^2}{2}\right)t\right\}\exp\{\sigma W_t\}$$ Recently ...
7k views

### Are there any good tools for back testing options strategies?

There are all kinds of tools for backtesting linear instruments (like stocks or stock indices). It is a completely different story when it comes to option strategies. Most of the tools used are ...
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### Will a back month leg in call calendar lose value if underlying goes down

If I buy a call calendar and underlying drops 5%, the front month short call will get further out of money and will lose value, resulting in a gain since I am short the front month option. What about ...
30 views

### Why vega increases further out in time

Why do back months options have a higher vega than front month options? If possible , kindly explain on an intuitive level without a lot of math.
31 views

### Cointegration example

Does anyone know where to find an example of implementing Engle-Granger 2-step cointegration? Python's ideal, but any language will do. I've skimmed and read many articles, but understand little about ...
45 views

### Technical Indicators reference

I have been looking for a good reference where I can find how technical indicators of stock market analysis are calculated. I have a dataset (time series) which I want to extract these indicators to ...
75 views
+100

### Correctly applying GARCH in Python

Problem: Correct usage of GARCH(1,1) Aim of research: Forecasting volatility/variance. Tools used: Python Instrument: SPX (specifically adjusted close prices) Reference material: On Estimation of ...
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### Exercise 2.2 from the book “The concept and practice of Mathematical Finance”

I am a newbie. Please help me understand how to resolve the exercise 2.2 from the book "The concept and practice of Mathematical Finance". The solution from the book says that our super-replicating ...
82 views

### FTAP a-la Harrison, Kreps and Pliska

I was reading the papers co-authored by Harrison, Kreps and Pliska, that initiated the formal research on the connection between pricing, martingale measures, arbitrage and completeness. I have some ...
12 views

### Spread over LIBOR on a Equity Swap

Does anyone how banks determine the spread over LIBOR on a Equity Swap? Example: Party A pays the return on SPTR to Party B Party B pays 1M LIBOR + 40 bps to Party A Does anyone know how the 40 ...
30 views

### Where to obtain Eurex level 2 historical order book data from?

What are some possible sources to obtain Eurex level 2 historical order book data from? Unfortunately I have only been able to find 1 source - namely Eurex itself, which charges 2000 Euro/month for ...
248 views

### How to interpret ACF and PACF plots

I just want to check that I am interpreting the ACF and PACF plots correctly: The data corresponds to the errors generated between the actual data points and the estimates generated using an ...
5k views

### Except Zipline, are there any other Pythonic algorithmic trading library I can choose?

Except Zipline, are there any other Pythonic algorithmic trading library I can choose? Especially, for backtesting?
2k views

### Worked examples of applying Ito's lemma

In most textbooks Ito's lemma is derived (on different levels of technicality depending on the intended audience) and then only the classic examples of Geometric Brownian motion and the Black-Scholes ...
58 views

### The future language of quant programming?

Im just about to begin the programming aspect of my education towards being a Quant. I know what languages are currently being used and how popular they are. However, I have several good friends ...
11 views

### What is the purpose of doing MTM and Cross Currency Swaps?

Both the trades are cross currency, however in MTM one leg is constant and other is variable. But what might the reason for exchanging cash flows into two different currencies? Could someone please ...
18 views

### Why theta multipled by days to expiry exceeds the total time premium of the option

Sometimes, I find an option where the total time value of the option may be 5 cents(rest is intrinsic value) and there are about 15 days to expiry and theta is .08 (8 cents). How is this possible. If ...
8 views

### Using Forward Equity Returns to Value Stream of Equity Return Cash Flows

Can I value the equity leg of an equity swap using the projected forward equity returns? In other words, for a sequence of times $t_{0}<t_{1}<\ldots<t_{n}$, where $t_{0}$ begins a brand new ...
421 views

### Demonstration of Ito's correction term/lemma in binomial tree

I am preparing an undergraduate QuantFinance lecture. I want to demonstrate the ideas of Ito's correction term and Ito's lemma in the most accessible manner. My idea is to take the "working horse" of ...
12 views

### Why does the OTM call sometimes have a higher theta than the ATM call?

In this AAPL option chain on Mar20 call options, the OTM calls have a slightly higher theta than the ATM calls. Why is this? Is not time value(and thereby time decay) supposed to be highest for ...
259 views

### Platform for Quantitative equity portfolio

What are the most popular platforms used for quantitative equity portfolio management/research? I've only used Barra so far for their factor models. Is there any specific feature or model you think ...
297 views

I am trying to plot the asset swap spreads of government inflation-linked bonds (ILBs) versus the asset swap spread of government nominal (plain-vanilla) reference bonds. I used the article in the ...
27 views

### How to get Multivariate Betas from an Estimated EWMA co variance Matrix?

I have a portfolio of 4 assets. I also have returns for 3 indices. I want to get the multivariate betas for these 4 assets-based on these assets. I only have the 7 x 7 covariance matrix estimated by a ...
169 views

### Text book or distilled guide to market making?

Are there any practical articles, blogs or books that describe common practices in market making and how to calculate and use common measures? The majority of the information I found are research ...
38 views

### How to simulate a CIR process using GPU and Matlab

I am trying to simulate a CIR process using Matlab and my GPU for effeciency. At the moment i run into some implementation problems due to the recursive nature of the discretization. The sheme I ...
117 views

### correlation for portfolio of stocks

I have a portfolio of stocks and all I want to do is to make sure that I'm not trading one big position, so I would like to monitor some type of metric that gives me a rough idea of what the overall ...
82 views

### Why does expected price of OTM option not equal to BS price?

If I assume that stock returns follow normal distribution with drift = 0% and S.D. = 10%. In the long, if I keep investing in this stock for a year with the same capital every year for a consecutive ...
44 views

### Is it too important that my residuals be normal? I am Using an ARMA/GARCH model

I am trying to fit an ARMA/GARCH model to a time series. I found that the best candidate is an ARMA(1,0) + GARCH(1,1) with gaussian white noise It has coefficients with p-values near cero and the ...
37 views

### Question about historical volatility ranking

I have seen this strategy example, which uses garch in a regime switching context: https://systematicinvestor.wordpress.com/2012/01/06/trading-using-garch-volatility-forecast/ The author classifies ...
20 views

### Effective & Maturity Date Modified Following

I am constructing discount curve for tenor 1 month. First Instrument - PLN_1M_WIBOR has Effective Date on 2015-01-29 (spot). I was wondering what Maturity Date should be? 2015-02-27 or 2015-03-02? I ...
29 views

### Forward Curves and Par Yield Curves

I'm recently reading a research paper on the yield curve by Salomon brothers and in it it states that when the forward curve is above the par yield curve, it is seen as cheaper. If for example, the ...
180 views

### Does higher vega imply higher IV and vice versa

If an option A has higher vega than option B, does that also mean that A has a higher IV than B? I understand that by definition, a higher vega means that A's price is more sensitive to its IV than B. ...
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### If an option went down in value, how much is due to theta decay and how much due to fall in IV

Let us say that there was a stock trading at 100 and the 105 call was trading at 3 $. with 1 month to go Now stock went up to 104 after 15 days, and the call dropped to 2.80$, to the call buyer's ...
57 views

### How to estimate CVA by valuing a CDS of the counterparty?

I'm trying to estimate CVA of one of my derivatives by valuing a credit default swap (CDS) of my counterparty. However, I don't know how to set up the CDS deal (notional amount, maturity, etc.). ...
25 views

### Pricing of a call option in one period binomial model

You are given a $5\%$ call option worth $\$2.66$. The strike price$k$is$\$41.00$. $S(0)=40$, $Sd=35$ (i.e the lower price of the stock at $t=1$) find $Su$ (i.e the high price of the stock at ...
11 views

### Amortizing Bond QuantLibXL

I would ask if anybody knows how to do get the NPV of an amortizing bond with QuantLibXL in the most automated way. I found some solutions but are very close to a manual calc, say, pass the vector of ...
49 views

### Equity Chart - design and granularity

I am looking to build a web based Equity chart to display performance of FX trading strategies. I would like to hear opinions and advice on a few areas that I am unsure about. Granularity Equity ...
14 views

### Are CME security id's unique and constant over time?

For any given day, CME security IDs are unique - a number will always refer to a single product. Are they unique over time as well? That is, might a new security have a security id that used to be ...
193 views

### What is the yield on an infinitely lived ZCB?

I guess the price of a Zero-Coupon Bond with infinite maturity should go to zero, what about its yield? I am asking this because I was dealing with the yield curve and its asymptotic properties when ...
22 views

### What is the strike of a short put that mimics a covered call

If I am long a stock $X$ which I purchased at $\$100$and sold a covered call in the front month with strike$\$105$ for $\$2\$ then is it true that the covered call is equivalent to a naked put at ...