# All Questions

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### What is the formula for variance in estimating exchange rate?

I was watching this Youtube Video. He used a exchange rates of Euro to Dollar for a few days and apply GARCH(1,1) to get the predicted price. However, I didnt understand variance that he calculates ...
104 views

### Market returns below risk free rate

Let's say I'm using CAPM to estimate the cost of equity, so I need expected market returns for the calculations. The standard approach is simply to compute arithmetic mean of an index (or rather its ...
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### Bid/ask and volumes from ITCH feed, what is the most efficient way to do this?

I am very green when it comes to programming. I am doing a market microstructure study where I need to investigate how certain stock characteristics affect their liquidity. I have Nasdaq OMX ITCH Feed ...
Suppose I have $$dS_t = \mu(S_t,t) dt + \sigma(S_t,t)dW_t$$ What would be the process satisfying the following process of $y_t$? $$y_t = \int_0^t S_u du + \int_0^t S_u dW_u$$ I'm not quite sure ...