# All Questions

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### Something is wrong with my MtM calculation

I'm trying to value a super simple receiver swap immediately after the first swap settlement (1 year in). The given answer is -1.91 million to the floating rate payer, but I am not coming up with ...
9 views

### Proper way to calculate the realized indiviual stock sharpe ratio

From the textbook, sharpe ratio is (return-riskfree rate)/risk However I wonder if I can use (return-index return)/risk, where the index acts as the benchmark, to calculate the sharpe ratio? I am ...
11 views

### How many PHD level quant are there in US market?

How many PHD (economics+finance) level quants are work here in US market?
4 views

### How to calculate martingale probabilities “over” a Binomial tree?

How in general does one calculate "martingale probabilities" "over" a Binomial tree?
7 views

### What does martingale look like?

I'm doing a simulation of a CRR model and I'm trying to find parameters in order for the successive $S_t$s (stock prices) to be martingale. I'm assuming that if I'd create a function (and picked the ...
33 views

### quant interview: changing a call into a put

A recruiter asked me this question: suppose you have the following contract: a call option with maturity T = 2 years you have the possibility to change this call into a put at t = 1 year What is ...
8 views

### How would I exploit arbitrage if risk-neutral pricing doesn't hold? (Option Pricing)

We are just learning about binomial option pricing, and how the up-factor and the down-factor must match the risk-neutral price. p * u + (1 - p) * d = continuous risk free rate compounded CRR ...
85 views

### Portfolio Management in R

I’ve been looking around for a R-package that will allow me to track my stock portfolio - basically I would like to enter stocks that I own, track the trades I make, calculate my open position & ...
22 views

### Is there a python code for estimating the parameters of geometric brownian motion?

I was trying to find the parameters of GBM but could not find a python code for the same.
5 views

### Computing Pooled IRR from the IRRs of parts

Suppose I have two cash flows: CF1: -10001001001100 CF2: -20020301 I can compute now: IRR(CF1) = 10% IRR(CF2) =-55% IRR(CF1+CF2) = 4.46% Is there a way to compute (or at least get a fair ...
118 views

### Best simplified way to model volatility in returns of an investment in a risky fixed income asset

I am currently working on a project where I have analyzed a certain category of fixd income instruments, and I now have the gross aggregate yield as well as the theoretical gross-aggregate ...
330 views

### How google finance calculates beta of a stock

How google finance calculates beta of a stock - What is the proxy for the market? - What is the time period it uses for regression?
39 views

### Where can I find Value at Risk & Expected shortfall for ETF's?

I'm struggling to find VaR & ES data for ETF's on websites such yahoo finance & Morningstar. Where can I find this data? Thanks,
87 views

### How to perform risk budgeting for non-linear portfolios?

I am using this question to compute optimal weights following a risk budgeting approach. The problem is I am using non-linear portfolios (options,equity,fixed income,fx). What I am looking for is ...
12 views

### Deduce expected exposure profile from option/structure delta?

I am thinking about whether there exists a relationship between the delta of an option (or any structured derivative) and it's expected positive/negative exposure? An intuitive question would be ...
9 views

### Price of call (calibration)

I need to understand how we got this : $\forall i \in I$ $C^{*}_{0}(T_i,K_i)=e^{-rT_i}E[(S_{T_{i}}-K_i)^+|S_0]=e^{-rT_i+X_{T_{i}}}E[(S_{T_{i}}-K_i)^+]$ at How we pass from conditional expecation to ...
10 views

### Error using ghyp-distribution function

I want to fit multivariate GH distribution on my data, and then generate simulations for that distribution. Using the instructions given in ghyp package, I wrote following lines of code in R. ...
118 views

### Calibration Merton Jump-Diffusion

Consider the following SDE $dV_t = rV_tdt +\sigma V_t dW_t + dJ_t$ where $J_t$ is a Compound poisson process with log-Normal jump size $Y_i$. How am I supposed to calibrate this model to CDS ...
312 views

### Models crumbling down due to negative (nominal) interest rates

Dear Stackexchange users, given that the negative interest rates on a lot of sovereign bonds with maturity under 10 years are trading in the negative (nominal) interest rate territory (recently also ...
48 views

### Source for real-time tick data (stock price, etc.) updated every second?

For educational purposes, I'm looking for a source for now's real-time tick data for stock prices, or FOREX, etc., with a 1 second precision. Is there such free data feed? If not, could such data be ...
4k views

### Difference between S&P 500 index and S&P 500 Total Return index?

There's the standard S&P 500 index (SPX) and the rarer used S&P 500 Total Return index (SPTR). If you compare graphs, you'll find that the latter grows faster. Supposedly, SPTR assumes ...
544 views

### Open source equity/bond index data

I have been using the tseries package of R (get.hist.quote) to get historical quotes for various indices from yahoo finance. I am interested in DAX, VDAX, EB.REXX ...
335 views

### Question on Barrier Option and Skew

If you bought an Equity Call Option with a Down-and-In Barrier, are you Long Skew or Short Skew? Please provide explanation as well. Thanks.
17 views

### CCC-Garch predict

So I'm trying to measure the VaR of 2 stock with a multivariate GARCH model, so im using the CCC model. I need to predict the standard-diviation and the mean but the ...
58 views

### Futures Parameters for Value at Risk

I am new to risk management. I am calculating the VaR for a portfolio of futures contracts, long and shorts. I calculated it using the historical, parametric, and MC method. But there is something ...
10 views

### Option style with grant date

The following option exercise style is somewhere between American and European: There is a fixed grant date $N_1$ at which you determine at which date $N_2>N_1$ the option will be exercised. So ...
8 views

### nloptr and portfolio replication using Kalman Filter

Let me first say that I am relatively new to R. For a school project I am trying to create a replicating portfolio using a constrained Kalman Filter. I have tried using nloptr without success - I am ...
17 views

### How to simulate historical performance of a short position of a security?

I would like to calculate with R the inverse return of Bitcoin. My objective is to simulate the historical price and return of a short position opened in Bitcoin. The first method is to cumulate the ...
44 views

### SABR Implied Volatility and Option Prices

I am trying to understand SABR model. I am having difficulty to understand how to calibrate ABR a) the initial variance b) the volatility of variance c) the exponent for the forward rate d)the ...
149 views

### Up and Down days in GBPUSD and a Filter

I want to study if the odds of an up or down day in a forex pairs is 50-50. I just count the total number of up and down days in X years and compare it with the total days. The results are very ...
34 views

### Is a PhD of use for a career in quantitative finance? [on hold]

Some background: I am in my first year doing a PhD in Economics and Finance at a fairly prestigious business school. The subjects I am studying are quite theoretical, such as micro/macroeconomics, ...
159 views

### Historical Volatility vs Implied Volatility Performance in Pricing Options

I consistently read on academic papers, when pricing options, using implied volatility is better than using historical volatility. Because, market is more "forward-looking" and historical data is ...
123 views

### Why do volatility and correlation increase in times of crisis?

can somebody please explain to me why volatility and correlation increase in times of crisis? It is connected somehow to the herding effect. But I cannot really explain it. And also why are negative ...
20 views

### Data source for a corporate bond yield curve?

Yield curves are a valuable tool for economic analysis. It is particularly interesting to analyse the difference between Government Debt yields and Corporate Debt yields (credit spreads). This gives ...
58 views

### quantlib python : missing methods?

I'm reading Introduction to Selected Classes of the QuantLib Library I by Dimitri Reiswich and tries to "convert" it to Python. It seems to me that some C++ possibilities aren't available in python. ...
59 views

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### Pricing options under a specific framework

I have a specific framework in mind and I would like to value options under this framework. I am not sure whether a closed form solution exists or Monte Carlo methods would work. The framework I have ...
76 views

### Pricing Forward Start Option with PDE

I am looking for references (books and papers) or suggestions on how to price forward starting calls using a PDE approach typically in the Heston model (In the BS world, the computation is trivial), ...
31 views

### QuantLib: New Instrument derived from VanillaOption + PricingEngine that must work for both VanillaOption and the derived class

The derived class is a Vanilla Option on a Future and I need to specify the expiry of the underlying future which is in general different (later) than the expiry of the Vanilla Option. I have ...
39 views

### What is mathematically rigorous way to estimate floating swap cash flow in the future?

In vanilla swap, the FL payments is fixed on one date and paid on the next reset date. So the next payment is known. However, the payment after that is not known. What would be the best estimate of ...
160 views

### High frequency price forecast model ARMA GARCH or another?

Can you reccomend model for high frequency data (1 second and less) (returns and volatility forecasting)? Most papers use ARMA, GARCH etc in 1 minute and lower time frame. PROBLEM ARMA does not know ...
32 views

### Is anybody using 13F-HR data for making strategies?

I see that a lot of quants work on high frequency strategies. Mostly used data are prices, volumes. I wonder, is anybody using data on funds positions, which they have to disclosure quarnerly under ...
64 views

### Which one is best Performance evaluation measures?

I want to compare the performance of various volatility models like GARCH, eGARCH, and gjrGARCH from actual volatility(computed using high frequency data). I found 3 common performance evaluation ...
25 views

### Tradable information from BS Implied volatility

These are two follow up questions to: Implied volatility as price transform I understand that the BS model is used as a 'Blackbox' that takes a market price and maps it in a 1to1 fashion to a 'BS ...
47 views

### Validating a Credit Scoring Model without Data

Fellow Quants, Suppose you have a credit scoring model that is developed without the aid of statistics, because (unfortunately) there is no historical default/loss data in your portfolio. The ...