# All Questions

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### positive financial leverage in real estate

I had the understanding that leverage always helped improve cash on cash returns so long as the interest paid was less than the unlevered rate of return/cap rate. doing a quick back of the envelope ...
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### What is the formula that determines when VIX futures expire?

Or a source that will allow me to just get the list of dates into a program, I'm trying to do this in python but I want it to be able to figure out the next expiration automatically, or something like ...
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### General Equation for price optimisation where cost is constant

I'm currently working on the Quantitative Finance course offered on Coursera by Wharton and in one example it states that "through calculus, one can obtain the optimal value of price when ...
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### What is drift in interest rate term structure model

I was studying about the interest rate term structures and i came across term structure model with (and without) drift. I am really unsure about what this drift is in this equation for term structure ...
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### What is smart beta, alternative index, factor investing?

What is smart beta, alternative index, factor investing? Are they basically the same thing? Construct a benchmark index using schema other than market cap?
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### Which database to choose for storing and aggregating finance data?

I'm planing to store stock market data in realtime and aggregate ticks for draw volume based cluster graph. Something like this: Every tick (or second) data will be grouped by period (1,5,10 ...
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i am building a platform for portfolio analytics, part of which is a performance attribution module. Given that most individual portfolio's can never have the same number of stocks as say, a mutual ...
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### Standardized and Advanced IRB together

Is it possible to use Standardized approach and AIRB together for the same asset class? For example sovereigns see a risk weight of 0% if AAA, but in AIRB they might not be seeing 0 weight. Is it ok ...
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### Extracting IB market data: bid and ask for greeks and IV

I wrote a piece of code to get option chains with volatility and greeks from IB market data. After testing yesteday, it seems to work, but I am surprised of seeing bid and ask for impliedVolatility ...
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### CDS spread scenarios from historical market data

I'm searching for information on the best way to generate scenarios to be used in VaR or ES calculations, for CDS spreads. Given that we need significant historical data in order to achieve a decent ...
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### Clarification of The Market Portfolio

I am currently reading John C. Hulls' "Risk Management and Financial Institutions" and came across the following passage related to the efficient frontier and combinations of risky and risk-free ...
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### Is Market OPG an efficient means of entering positions at historic daily open prices?

This question pertains to backtesting a strategy against historic daily data. If a strategy is devised using such data, is Market OPG a reasonable way to enter positions? Expanding, the question is ...
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### Modelling prepaid commodity swaps

I'm somewhat new to derivatives, so please forgive a potentially silly q: Suppose there is a VPP agreement (volumetric production payment) which is basically a prepaid commodity swap. The financier ...
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### Is there an error in this problem on pricing an asset using the true probability of an up move?

I'm self-studying for an actuarial exam and I encountered the following problem: The true probability of an up move, $p$, must satisfy: $$p = \frac{e^{{(\alpha - \delta})h} - d}{u - d},$$ where ...
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### Risk-Neutral Probabilities, Trinomial Model

My professor has many grammatical mistakes and errors in his questions, so apologies ahead of time. I am just trying to understand what he wants for this question, In trinomial model, let $S_0 = 1$, ...