# All Questions

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### Weights in Portfolio Attribution when considering Currency

I'm performing a simple Portfolio attribution with the Brinson 1985 model where returns are decomposed into both an allocation component and a selection. Using the formula, I first did the ...
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### Pairs Trading Signals and Positioning

I am currently working on a research project for a pairs trading strategy and would like to know the correct positions to take when a signal has been triggered. Say we are using this equation to ...
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### Expectation of expression with two currencies under forward measure

I'm trying to calculate the expected value, at time $0$, of a cashflow paid at time $T$, resetting at time $t$. The coupon is of the form: ...
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### CDS Premium table Interploation for the Arrear case

If CDS spreads are given for say year end 1,2,3,4,5 .That means these premium payments are made in arrears. In that case we need to apply interpolation tools. But for which particular points do we ...
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### Constructing Dedicated Risk Premia Strategies

I am trying to figure out the "best" way to construct investment strategies which are focused on capturing specific risk premia individually. From my understanding the traditional approach to capture ...
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### Result linked to Black-Scholes evaluation

Why does this $$Se^{-D(T-t)}e^{-d_1^2/2} - Ee^{-r(T-t)}e^{-d_2^2/2}$$ equal to $0$? (Where $E$ is a strike)
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### What do “arbitrage-free” and “risk neutral measure” mean?

In the context of Cox-Ross-Rubinstein model and this link: It's claimed that the CCR model is: "arbitrage free if and only if a < r < b." (as an example one could set $r=0$) and then the only ...
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### Can someone help me to calculate mean reversion speed for panel data?

I am trying to run panel data model in eviews and I am supposed to include mean reversion speed for a varible. Please can someone help me or give me some clues regarding the issue? Thanks in advance. ...
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### How many PHD level quant are there in US market?

How many PHD (economics+finance) level quants are work here in US market?
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### What does martingale look like?

I'm doing a simulation of a CRR model and I'm trying to find parameters in order for the successive $S_t$s (stock prices) to be martingale. I'm assuming that if I'd create a function (and picked the ...
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### Proper way to calculate the realized indiviual stock sharpe ratio

From the textbook, sharpe ratio is (return-riskfree rate)/risk However I wonder if I can use (return-index return)/risk, where the index acts as the benchmark, to calculate the sharpe ratio? I am ...
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### How would I exploit arbitrage if risk-neutral pricing doesn't hold? (Option Pricing)

We are just learning about binomial option pricing, and how the up-factor and the down-factor must match the risk-neutral price. p * u + (1 - p) * d = continuous risk free rate compounded CRR ...
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### Computing Pooled IRR from the IRRs of parts

Suppose I have two cash flows: CF1: -10001001001100 CF2: -20020301 I can compute now: IRR(CF1) = 10% IRR(CF2) =-55% IRR(CF1+CF2) = 4.46% Is there a way to compute (or at least get a fair ...
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### quant interview: changing a call into a put

A recruiter asked me this question: suppose you have the following contract: a call option with maturity T = 2 years you have the possibility to change this call into a put at t = 1 year What is ...
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### Price of call (calibration)

I need to understand how we got this : $\forall i \in I$ $C^{*}_{0}(T_i,K_i)=e^{-rT_i}E[(S_{T_{i}}-K_i)^+|S_0]=e^{-rT_i+X_{T_{i}}}E[(S_{T_{i}}-K_i)^+]$ at How we pass from conditional expecation to ...
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### Is there a python code for estimating the parameters of geometric brownian motion?

I was trying to find the parameters of GBM but could not find a python code for the same.
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### Error using ghyp-distribution function

I want to fit multivariate GH distribution on my data, and then generate simulations for that distribution. Using the instructions given in ghyp package, I wrote following lines of code in R. ...
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### CCC-Garch predict

So I'm trying to measure the VaR of 2 stock with a multivariate GARCH model, so im using the CCC model. I need to predict the standard-diviation and the mean but the ...
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### nloptr and portfolio replication using Kalman Filter

Let me first say that I am relatively new to R. For a school project I am trying to create a replicating portfolio using a constrained Kalman Filter. I have tried using nloptr without success - I am ...
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### Option style with grant date

The following option exercise style is somewhere between American and European: There is a fixed grant date $N_1$ at which you determine at which date $N_2>N_1$ the option will be exercised. So ...
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### How to simulate historical performance of a short position of a security?

I would like to calculate with R the inverse return of Bitcoin. My objective is to simulate the historical price and return of a short position opened in Bitcoin. The first method is to cumulate the ...
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### Is a PhD of use for a career in quantitative finance? [on hold]

Some background: I am in my first year doing a PhD in Economics and Finance at a fairly prestigious business school. The subjects I am studying are quite theoretical, such as micro/macroeconomics, ...
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### Data source for a corporate bond yield curve?

Yield curves are a valuable tool for economic analysis. It is particularly interesting to analyse the difference between Government Debt yields and Corporate Debt yields (credit spreads). This gives ...
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### Tradable information from BS Implied volatility

These are two follow up questions to: Implied volatility as price transform I understand that the BS model is used as a 'Blackbox' that takes a market price and maps it in a 1to1 fashion to a 'BS ...
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### Is anybody using 13F-HR data for making strategies?

I see that a lot of quants work on high frequency strategies. Mostly used data are prices, volumes. I wonder, is anybody using data on funds positions, which they have to disclosure quarnerly under ...
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### Clayton-Gumbel (BB1) and Joe-Clayton (BB7) time-varying copulas

I'm trying to estimate parameters for Mixed Dynamic Copulas (Clayton-Gumbel and Joe-Clayton) Is there any code in MATLAB? Thanks for any help.
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### QuantLib: New Instrument derived from VanillaOption + PricingEngine that must work for both VanillaOption and the derived class

The derived class is a Vanilla Option on a Future and I need to specify the expiry of the underlying future which is in general different (later) than the expiry of the Vanilla Option. I have ...
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### Which one is best Performance evaluation measures?

I want to compare the performance of various volatility models like GARCH, eGARCH, and gjrGARCH from actual volatility(computed using high frequency data). I found 3 common performance evaluation ...
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I'm currently working on the requirements phase of a software project, and need get an overview of the industry regarding the tools available for Algo Trading. My first idea was to look for Gartner's ...
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### Example of optimal delta hedging in G. Barles, H.M. Soner option pricing paper

There is a paper Option pricing with transaction costs and a nonlinear black-scholes equation by Guy Barles and Halil Mete Soner. And there is a section about optimal (delta) hedging, which I do not ...
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### Match different option high frequency databases

I downloaded the “E-mini S&P 500 (Dollar) Options for 1/10/11” Top-of-Book (BBO) data. If you are interested you may download the data from the following link (approx. 80MB zipped and 1GB ...
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### Implied volatility as price transform

Implied volatility The way I understand it, traders often think of implied volatility as a transformed price. So in a way, the Black Scholes model is considered a 'model-free' blackbox that takes a ...
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### Pricing Forward Start Option with PDE

I am looking for references (books and papers) or suggestions on how to price forward starting calls using a PDE approach typically in the Heston model (In the BS world, the computation is trivial), ...
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### Pricing options under a specific framework

I have a specific framework in mind and I would like to value options under this framework. I am not sure whether a closed form solution exists or Monte Carlo methods would work. The framework I have ...
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### Clarify a derivation in Pat Hagan's Convexity Conundrums

I am looking for help in understanding the algebraic derivation to go in between some of the lines in Pat Hagan's famous Convexity Conundrums paper e.g. how he goes from 3.4a to 3.5a.
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### Fair Price CDS Spread for a Bank

I have been using CreditGrades to calculate fair one year CDS spreads for firms. However, the authors of the model explicitly say that the model does not hold for banks or financial firms. If I need ...
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### Deduce expected exposure profile from option/structure delta?

I am thinking about whether there exists a relationship between the delta of an option (or any structured derivative) and it's expected positive/negative exposure? An intuitive question would be ...
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### Equivalent Definitions of Self-Financing Portfolio

Consider a multi-period model with $t=0,...,T$. Suppose there is a bond with $B_0=1$ and $B_t=(1+R)^t$ and a stock with $S_0=s_0$ and $$S_{t+1}=S_t\,\xi_{t+1},$$ with $\xi_t$ iid random ...
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### Significance testing of average returns from Sharpe ratio

I'm aware that one way to do significance testing on a strategy is based on the sampling distribution of its Sharpe (see, e.g., Lo, 2002 and Opdyke, 2008). However, it appears to me that there's ...
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### Can the money market break in a crisis situation?

I am researching the question, what happens during a crisis situation to the money market. Can it break? In 2007-08 there is evidence that liquity hoarding from banks became a rather common problem. ...
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### What risks is an exchange exposed to?

Putting aside operational/reputational/business risks for a minute, a financial institution is concerned with the risk of losing money on their positions. What about an exchange ? I can only think of ...
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### Real TIme/Historical weather data

I am looking to incorporate weather data into my algorithmic models. What is a good source to find historical + real time weather data by zipcode or region? Any help will be appreciated! Preferably an ...
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### portfolio optimization averaging weights, what are benefits?

I'm playing around with different portfolio optimization techniques. Amongst others I was also looking at the resampling method, especially the one described in Meucci. I have two general questions ...
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### Negative risk neutral probabilities economic argument

We know of plenty ways to extract risk neutral distirbutions from option prices (for example Breeden Litzberger) but there is no real analysis on how to interpret negative state prices (Haug 2007 for ...