# Tag Info

10

I think you are interpreting too much into the matter. The $-\frac12\sigma^2$ is just a correction term that comes from Jensen's inequality. You need this when switching from supposedly symmetric returns (normal distribution) to the skewed price process (log-normal distribution). I think there are no deeper truths to be found here.

5

You can get quite a bit of structured data for free from the SEC's Edgar system via XML: http://www.sec.gov/edgar/quickedgar.htm http://xbrl.sec.gov/ Even the older stuff that's not xml based, is fairly readily parsable. Another source that is easier to deal with, but not free, and possibly expensive, is CapitalIQ (where Yahoo Finance gets their data ...

3

This is a very subjective question. One thing you need to understand is that there are many types of quants and it is not always about predicting the future returns. Many quantitative analysts are involved in market-making, this is where you sell products at a slight cost to customers and try to stay more or less neutral to market moves. When you read about ...

3

One thing to keep in mind here is that the world of risk-free/arbitrage-free models is not necessarily the real world. Specifically, this equation $$\mu = r - \frac{1}{2}\sigma^2$$ occurs not because this is the way stocks behave in reality (they don't! For S&P 500, long-run $\mu$ is closer to 6-9%, if I recall correctly), but because using any ...

2

Examples for cash-settled futures are: Interest Rate futures Futures on implied Volatility (e.g. on VIX) Futures on Commodity Indices: Indices such as the Dow Jones UBS consist of futures themselves. Furthermore in asset management you usually don't want physical delivery of the underlying (oil, gas, coal, pig, ... ;) Futures on Equity Indices The ...

2

It's just cash settled, like a bet on a sports game. This was somewhat controversial when the financial index futures were first invented.

2

Let's start with question (2). If you are not obtaining $S=1.5295e+009$ after backwardation, then you have a bug in your binomial tree code. You may wish to find and eliminate that before proceeding. One simple check is to make all the terminal nodes have value 1.0. You should obtain that the initial node has value $e^{-rT}$. This assumes, of course, ...

1

According to this reference there are indeed several types of P/E-Ratios (trailing P/E that is based on previous earnings and forward P/E which is based on projected earnings) Also several books calculate the P/E according to the following formula $P/E-Ratio = \frac{Average Common Stock Price}{Net Income Per Share}$ (Confer source1, source2 and source3) ...

1

There a likely multiple source of this indicator becoming negative in general. In this particular case this is probably related to the investment of Japanese monies in foreign bonds. Which in turn looks to be an effect of the quantitative easing by the Bank of Japan.

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